| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Azide-SS-biotin does not have a specific biological target, as it is a chemical probe. Its function is to enable the covalent labeling of biomolecules for detection, purification, and isolation. The azide group is a target for click chemistry, reacting with alkyne-containing molecules to form a stable triazole linkage. The biotin moiety is a target for streptavidin or avidin, proteins that bind biotin with exceptionally high affinity (Kd ~10^-15 M). The disulfide bond is a target for reducing agents, enabling the cleavage of the linker and the removal of the biotin label. By combining these functionalities, Azide-SS-biotin enables the selective labeling, capture, and release of biomolecules of interest.
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| ln Vitro |
ADC cytotoxins are connected to antibodies through an ADC connector to form ADCs [1].
Azide-SS-biotin, as a chemical probe, does not possess any direct in vitro biological activity, such as enzyme inhibition, receptor agonism, or cytotoxicity. Its function is to enable the labeling and detection of biomolecules. The in vitro activity of this probe is assessed through the characterization of the labeled products it helps to create. For example, the efficiency of the click chemistry reaction can be assessed by monitoring the formation of the triazole linkage. The functionality of the biotin label can be assessed by testing its binding to streptavidin in an ELISA or Western blot. The cleavability of the disulfide bond can be assessed by treating the labeled product with a reducing agent and monitoring the release of the biotin label. |
| ln Vivo |
Azide-SS-biotin is not intended for in vivo use as a standalone compound. Its relevance in vivo is as a tool for labeling and studying biomolecules in cells or organisms. For example, it can be used to label cell surface proteins or to track the distribution of biomolecules in vivo. However, the compound's use is primarily in vitro and ex vivo for applications such as proteomics, cell biology, and drug discovery. As a research tool, it is not administered as a therapeutic agent and does not exert pharmacological effects in animal models.
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| Enzyme Assay |
There are no specific in vitro enzyme or receptor binding assays for Azide-SS-biotin, as it is not a biologically active compound. Its characterization is performed using analytical chemistry techniques such as NMR, HPLC, and MS to verify its structure and purity. The functionality of the azide group can be confirmed by reacting it with an alkyne-containing compound and monitoring the formation of the triazole linkage by HPLC or LC-MS. The functionality of the biotin moiety can be confirmed by a simple streptavidin binding assay, such as a dot blot or an ELISA. The cleavability of the disulfide bond can be confirmed by treating the compound with a reducing agent and monitoring the cleavage products by HPLC.
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| Cell Assay |
There are no standard in vitro cell-based assays for Azide-SS-biotin itself, as it is not a bioactive molecule. Its use in cell biology is indirect, as a reagent for labeling biomolecules. In a typical experiment, cells are incubated with an alkyne-containing analog of a biomolecule. The cells are then fixed, permeabilized, and incubated with Azide-SS-biotin and a copper catalyst (for CuAAC). The azide reacts with the alkyne, biotinylating the biomolecule. The biotinylated biomolecule can then be detected using a fluorescently labeled streptavidin, allowing for visualization by microscopy or quantification by flow cytometry. In this assay, the performance of the probe is evaluated by the efficiency and specificity of the labeling.
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| Animal Protocol |
Azide-SS-biotin is not used in in vivo animal experiments as a standalone compound. It is a research reagent used for labeling and detecting biomolecules in vitro and ex vivo. Animal studies would only be conducted on the final, labeled products that incorporate this probe. For example, a researcher might use it to biotinylate a specific protein or a drug delivery nanoparticle, and then administer the biotinylated product to an animal to study its biodistribution or pharmacokinetics. In such a study, the Azide-SS-biotin is a component of the test article, but the in vivo protocol would be designed for the test article, not for the probe. There is no standard animal protocol for Azide-SS-biotin itself.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Azide-SS-biotin has a molecular weight of 404.6 g/mol and a molecular formula of C14H24N6O2S3. Its IUPAC name is 5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxo-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrothieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]-N-[2-(2-azidoethyldisulfanyl)ethyl]pentanamide. It is a solid compound with a purity of 98%. It is soluble in DMSO. For storage, it is recommended to keep the powder at -20°C. The compound is shipped on dry ice. Detailed pharmacokinetic properties are not relevant as the compound is a probe, not a therapeutic agent.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Azide-SS-biotin is considered to have low toxicity, consistent with other biotin and PEG-based reagents. Biotin is a vitamin and is generally recognized as safe (GRAS). The azide group, while reactive, is stable under typical biological conditions and is not considered highly toxic at the concentrations used in research. The compound is classified as a research reagent, and standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling it. Its toxicity profile has not been extensively studied, but due to its intended use and chemical class, it is not expected to be acutely toxic. All handling should be done with appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) in a well-ventilated area, and the compound should be stored properly to prevent degradation.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Azide-SS-biotin is a research-use-only reagent and is not a drug, nor is it approved for any clinical or therapeutic use. It is a cleavable biotinylation reagent that combines an azide group for click chemistry with a biotin moiety for high-affinity streptavidin binding, linked by a disulfide-containing spacer. The azide group reacts with alkynes to form a stable triazole linkage. The disulfide bond enables controlled, reversible biotinylation, as it can be cleaved using reducing agents such as DTT, BME, or TCEP to remove the biotin label. Azide-SS-biotin is a versatile tool for labeling alkyne-containing biomolecules, enabling detection, purification, and isolation in complex biological samples. It is used in proteomics, cell biology, and drug discovery.
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| Molecular Formula |
C14H24N6O2S3
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| Molecular Weight |
404.57435798645
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| Exact Mass |
404.112
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| CAS # |
1620523-64-9
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| PubChem CID |
102514833
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| LogP |
1.7
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
12
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| Heavy Atom Count |
25
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| Complexity |
503
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
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| SMILES |
S1C[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]1CCCCC(NCCSSCCN=[N+]=[N-])=O)NC(N2)=O
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| InChi Key |
CMWHTSPPRPEKSH-GVXVVHGQSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H24N6O2S3/c15-20-17-6-8-25-24-7-5-16-12(21)4-2-1-3-11-13-10(9-23-11)18-14(22)19-13/h10-11,13H,1-9H2,(H,16,21)(H2,18,19,22)/t10-,11-,13-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxo-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrothieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]-N-[2-(2-azidoethyldisulfanyl)ethyl]pentanamide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.4718 mL | 12.3588 mL | 24.7176 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4944 mL | 2.4718 mL | 4.9435 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2472 mL | 1.2359 mL | 2.4718 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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