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Azaribine

Alias: NSC 67239 NSC 67239 AzaribineNSC 67239
Cat No.:V7003 Purity: ≥98%
Azaribine (2',3',5'-Tri-O-acetyl-6-azauridine) is a potent inhibitor of orotine monophosphate decarboxylase (OMPD).
Azaribine
Azaribine Chemical Structure CAS No.: 2169-64-4
Product category: New1
This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Size Price Stock Qty
5mg
Other Sizes
Official Supplier of:
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Product Description
Azaribine (2',3',5'-Tri-O-acetyl-6-azauridine) is a potent inhibitor of orotine monophosphate decarboxylase (OMPD). Azaribine is an antiviral inhibitor of several RNA viruses and inhibits viral genome replication and gene transcription. Azaribine has broad spectrum (a wide range) anti-viral effect (EC50 against influenza A and B viruses is 3.80nM-1.73μM; EC50 against ZIKV Paraiba is 1.62 μM). Azaribine is the triacetate salt of Azauridine and has potential usefulness in psoriasis research.
Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)
ln Vitro
To MDCK cells (MTT: CC50=19.66 μM), asazibine (2',3',5'-Tri-O-acetyl-6-azauridine; 0-2 μM; 48 hours) is cytotoxic[1]. The proliferation of MDCK cells (EC50=0.29 μM) and A549 cells (EC50=0.55 μM) is significantly inhibited by it [1]. After being added to MDCK cells, azaribenem had inhibitory effects on H1N1 and H3N2 IAV and IBV, with EC50 values of 0.60 μM, 0.77 μM, and 0.80 μM, in that order [1]. After 16HBE cells are treated, azaribidin exhibits an anti-NC H1N1 action with an EC50 of 1.58 μM [1].
Cell Assay
Cytotoxicity assay [1]
Cell Types: MDCK cells
Tested Concentrations: 0-2 μM
Incubation Duration: 48 h
Experimental Results: Cytotoxic to MDCK cells (CC50=19.66 μM).
References

[1]. Identification and Characterization of Novel Compounds with Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity against Influenza A and B Viruses. J Virol. 2020 Mar 17;94(7):e02149-19.

[2]. Identification of Inhibitors of ZIKV Replication. Viruses. 2020 Sep 18;12(9):1041.

Additional Infomation
Azaribine is a N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine that is 6-azauridine acetylated at positions 2', 3' and 5' on the sugar ring. It is a prodrug for 6-azauridine and is used for treatment of psoriasis. It has a role as an antipsoriatic and a prodrug. It is an acetate ester and a N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine. It is functionally related to a 6-azauridine.
Azaribine is the triacetate salt of azauridine, a synthetic triazine nucleoside derivative possessing antineoplastic and anti-psoriatic activity. After metabolism to 6-azauridine-5-prime monophosphate, 6-Azauridine inhibits de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and its 5-prime triphosphate metabolite gets incorporated into RNA, thereby preventing RNA synthesis.
These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.
Physicochemical Properties
Molecular Formula
C14H17N3O9
Molecular Weight
371.3
Exact Mass
371.096
CAS #
2169-64-4
PubChem CID
16574
Appearance
White to off-white solid powder
Density
1.6g/cm3
Melting Point
99-101ºC(lit.)
Index of Refraction
1.621
LogP
-0.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
10
Rotatable Bond Count
8
Heavy Atom Count
26
Complexity
662
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
4
SMILES
CC(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C(=O)NC(=O)C=N2)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C
InChi Key
QQOBRRFOVWGIMD-OJAKKHQRSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C14H17N3O9/c1-6(18)23-5-9-11(24-7(2)19)12(25-8(3)20)13(26-9)17-14(22)16-10(21)4-15-17/h4,9,11-13H,5H2,1-3H3,(H,16,21,22)/t9-,11-,12-,13-/m1/s1
Chemical Name
[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-3,4-diacetyloxy-5-(3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-triazin-2-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl acetate
Synonyms
NSC 67239 NSC 67239 AzaribineNSC 67239
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Storage

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
Solubility Data
Solubility (In Vitro)
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
Solubility (In Vivo)
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

Injection Formulations
(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC)
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80: Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution 50 μL Tween 80 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO 400 μLPEG300 50 μL Tween 80 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).
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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO 100 μLPEG300 200 μL castor oil 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10: 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol 100 μL Cremophor 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH 400 μLPEG300 50 μL Tween 80 450 μL Saline)


Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).
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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders


Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)
Preparing Stock Solutions 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.6932 mL 13.4662 mL 26.9324 mL
5 mM 0.5386 mL 2.6932 mL 5.3865 mL
10 mM 0.2693 mL 1.3466 mL 2.6932 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

Calculator

Molarity Calculator allows you to calculate the mass, volume, and/or concentration required for a solution, as detailed below:

  • Calculate the Mass of a compound required to prepare a solution of known volume and concentration
  • Calculate the Volume of solution required to dissolve a compound of known mass to a desired concentration
  • Calculate the Concentration of a solution resulting from a known mass of compound in a specific volume
An example of molarity calculation using the molarity calculator is shown below:
What is the mass of compound required to make a 10 mM stock solution in 5 ml of DMSO given that the molecular weight of the compound is 350.26 g/mol?
  • Enter 350.26 in the Molecular Weight (MW) box
  • Enter 10 in the Concentration box and choose the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 5 in the Volume box and choose the correct unit (mL)
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer of 17.513 mg appears in the Mass box. In a similar way, you may calculate the volume and concentration.

Dilution Calculator allows you to calculate how to dilute a stock solution of known concentrations. For example, you may Enter C1, C2 & V2 to calculate V1, as detailed below:

What volume of a given 10 mM stock solution is required to make 25 ml of a 25 μM solution?
Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, where C1=10 mM, C2=25 μM, V2=25 ml and V1 is the unknown:
  • Enter 10 into the Concentration (Start) box and choose the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 25 into the Concentration (End) box and select the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 25 into the Volume (End) box and choose the correct unit (mL)
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer of 62.5 μL (0.1 ml) appears in the Volume (Start) box
g/mol

Molecular Weight Calculator allows you to calculate the molar mass and elemental composition of a compound, as detailed below:

Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:
  • To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound, please enter the chemical/molecular formula and click the “Calculate’ button.
Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:
  • Molecular mass (or molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
  • Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.
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Reconstitution Calculator allows you to calculate the volume of solvent required to reconstitute your vial.

  • Enter the mass of the reagent and the desired reconstitution concentration as well as the correct units
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer appears in the Volume (to add to vial) box
In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)
Step 2: Enter in vivo formulation (This is only a calculator, not the exact formulation for a specific product. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation in the solubility section.)
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Calculation results

Working concentration mg/mL;

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.

(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
             (2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.

Biological Data
  • Cytotoxicity of the ten tested compounds: Vero cells (96-well plate format, 5 × 104 cells/well, quadruplicates) were incubated with DMEM 5% FBS containing the indicated doses of the inhibitors (3-fold serial dilutions, starting concentration of 1350 µM) (A) Antimycin A, (B) OSU-03012 and Obatoclax, (C) Azaribine, Azauridine, and Pyrazofurin, (D) Mycophenolate mofetil, Mycophenolic acid, and AVN-944, (E) Brequinar, and (F) Aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA). Cell viability assays (MTT and XTT) were performed at 36 h post-treatment and the CC50 for each compound was calculated. Dotted line indicates the 50% toxicity of each of the compounds. Data were expressed as mean and SD from three independent experiments conducted in quadruplicates.[2]. Desarey Morales Vasquez, et al. Identification of Inhibitors of ZIKV Replication. Viruses. 2020 Sep 18;12(9):1041.
  • Inhibition of ZIKV Paraiba/2015 replication during post-treatment: Vero cells (96-well plate format, 5 × 104 cells/well, quadruplicates) were infected with 25 PFU/well of Zika virus Paraiba/2015. After 2 h of viral absorption, media containing virus was replaced by infection media (DMEM 2% FBS) containing the indicated doses of the inhibitors (3-folds dilutions, starting concentration 100 µM) (A) Antimycin A, (B) OSU-03012 and Obatoclax, (C) Azaribine, Azauridine, and Pyrazofurin, (D) Mycophenolate mofetil, Mycophenolic acid, and AVN-944.[2]. Desarey Morales Vasquez, et al. Identification of Inhibitors of ZIKV Replication. Viruses. 2020 Sep 18;12(9):1041.
  • Growth kinetics inhibition of ZIKV Paraiba/2015: Vero cells (24-well plate format, 2.5 × 105 cells/well, triplicates) were infected (MOI 0.1) with Paraiba/2015. After 2 h viral absorption, cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of compounds (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 EC50) (A) Antimycin A, (B) OSU-03012 and Obatoclax, (C) Azaribine, Azauridine, and Pyrazofurin, (D) Mycophenolate mofetil, Mycophenolic acid, and AVN-944, (E) Brequinar, and (F) Aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA); or 0.1% DMSO vehicle control (No drug) in infection media (DMEM 2% FBS). Tissue culture supernatants were collected at 24, 48, and 72 h post-treatment, and viral titers were calculated by immunostaining using the anti-E 4G2 mAb. Dotted line indicates the limit of detection (10 PFU). Data were expressed as mean and SD from three independent experiments conducted in triplicates. Statistical analysis was conducted by an unpaired Student’s t-test, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, or no significance (n.s.).[2]. Desarey Morales Vasquez, et al. Identification of Inhibitors of ZIKV Replication. Viruses. 2020 Sep 18;12(9):1041.
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