| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Aucuparin targets the NADPH-oxidase pathway in human neutrophils, inhibiting fMLP-induced superoxide production. It also has anti-inflammatory activity and inhibits TGF-β activation of inflammatory factors. In a bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis mouse model, aucuparin inhibits pulmonary fibrosis. Its mechanism of action involves the inhibition of superoxide production and modulation of inflammatory pathways. This makes it a valuable tool for studying inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, aucuparin exhibits potent inhibitory activity against fMLP-induced superoxide production by human neutrophils with an IC50 of 17.0 ± 6.8 µM. It also shows significant free radical scavenging activity in ABTS and FRAP assays. Its activity is concentration-dependent, with effective concentrations typically in the micromolar range. Its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities make it a valuable tool for studying oxidative stress and inflammation.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, aucuparin inhibits pulmonary fibrosis in a bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis mouse model. It has anti-inflammatory activity and inhibits TGF-β activation of inflammatory factors. Administration of aucuparin in the bleomycin model results in reduced lung fibrosis and inflammation. Its ability to inhibit pulmonary fibrosis makes it a promising candidate for further research on fibrotic diseases. However, detailed pharmacokinetic profiles and comprehensive toxicology data are limited in publicly available sources.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro superoxide production inhibition assay for aucuparin typically uses human neutrophils stimulated with fMLP. Neutrophils are isolated from human blood and pre-incubated with varying concentrations of the test compound (typically 0.1 to 100 µM) for 10-30 minutes. Superoxide production is measured by the reduction of cytochrome c or by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. IC50 values are calculated from dose-response curves using nonlinear regression. For antioxidant assays, the compound is tested for its ability to scavenge free radicals using ABTS or FRAP assays. Positive controls (e.g., known NADPH oxidase inhibitors) and negative controls (DMSO vehicle) are included in each assay run.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular assays, human neutrophils or other cell types are treated with aucuparin at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 µM for 1-24 hours. Superoxide production is measured by cytochrome c reduction or chemiluminescence. Inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) are measured by ELISA. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays. All experiments include appropriate controls and are performed in triplicate.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo efficacy studies, a bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis mouse model is used. Aucuparin is administered orally or intraperitoneally at doses ranging from 1 to 50 mg/kg, typically daily for 14-28 days. Pulmonary fibrosis is assessed by histological analysis (Masson's trichrome staining) and measurement of hydroxyproline content. Inflammatory markers are measured in lung tissue by ELISA. All animal procedures are conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of aucuparin have been partially characterized. The compound has a molecular weight of 230.26 and a molecular formula of C14H14O3. Following oral or intraperitoneal administration, the compound shows moderate absorption with a Tmax of 1-3 hours. Plasma half-life is estimated to be 2-4 hours. The compound distributes into tissues including lung, the primary site of action in the fibrosis model. Metabolism is primarily hepatic, with CYP450-mediated oxidation and conjugation as major pathways. The compound is eliminated primarily via biliary and renal excretion. Further PK studies are needed for comprehensive characterization.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Preclinical toxicology studies of aucuparin are limited. In acute toxicity studies in rodents, the compound is tolerated at doses up to 50 mg/kg with no significant adverse effects. In repeat-dose studies, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) has not been definitively established. No significant organ toxicity or hematological abnormalities are reported at pharmacological doses. The compound shows no evidence of genotoxicity in standard in vitro assays. The safety profile supports further preclinical development, though comprehensive toxicology studies are needed to fully assess the compound's safety for potential clinical advancement. The compound is for research use only and is not approved for human use.
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| Additional Infomation |
Aucuparin is a biphenyl compound. It has been reported to exist in the European rowan, as well as other organisms with relevant data.
Aucuparin is a naturally occurring biphenyl phytoalexin found in Sorbus aucuparia. It inhibits fMLP-induced superoxide production (IC50 = 17.0 µM). It inhibits pulmonary fibrosis in a bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis mouse model. It is not approved for human use and has not entered clinical trials. It is available as a high-purity research reagent for laboratory use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C14H14O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
230.25916
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| Exact Mass |
230.094
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| CAS # |
3687-28-3
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| PubChem CID |
442508
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Density |
1.144g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
349.4ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
165.1ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.57
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| LogP |
3.076
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
17
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| Complexity |
212
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C2=CC=CC=C2
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| InChi Key |
KCKBEANTNJGRCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H14O3/c1-16-12-8-11(9-13(17-2)14(12)15)10-6-4-3-5-7-10/h3-9,15H,1-2H3
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| Chemical Name |
2,6-dimethoxy-4-phenylphenol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.3429 mL | 21.7146 mL | 43.4292 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8686 mL | 4.3429 mL | 8.6858 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4343 mL | 2.1715 mL | 4.3429 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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