| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
ANTS does not have a specific biological target as a drug. Its primary application is as a fluorescent probe for studying membrane permeability, liposome lysis, and membrane fusion. As a polyanionic dye, it is often coupled with the cationic quencher DPX for membrane fusion or permeability assays. The mechanism of action is based on fluorescence quenching: ANTS fluorescence is quenched by DPX at high concentrations. When membrane leakage occurs, the contents of liposomes (ANTS and DPX) are diluted, leading to an increase in ANTS fluorescence. This dequenching allows for quantitative measurement of membrane integrity.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, ANTS is used as a fluorescent dye for studying membrane permeability and liposome lysis. Encapsulation of ANTS and DPX in liposomes provides an effective approach for measuring membrane leakage. The dye is also utilized as a fluorescent label for saccharides and glycoproteins, and is used for oligosaccharide sequencing. Its fluorescence has been shown to be effectively quenched by Thallium and Cesium ions. ANTS is also utilized as a neuronal tracer, and its relatively high Stokes shift in water sufficiently separates its emission from the autofluorescence of biological samples.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity of ANTS is not typically studied, as it is a fluorescent probe rather than a bioactive drug. However, it has been used to determine water permeability in red blood cell ghosts and kidney collecting tubules. In these applications, ANTS is used as a tracer to measure water flux across membranes. Its fluorescence properties allow for real-time monitoring of changes in volume or concentration within cellular or vesicular compartments.
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| Enzyme Assay |
D2O increased the fluorescence quantum yield of ANTS four-fold, a property demonstrated to be useful in the determination of water permeability in biological membranes. The reducing end of carbohydrates reacts with the primary amino group of the ANTS molecule, forming a Schiff base, which can then be reduced by sodium cyanoborohydride to a secondary amine. This reductive amination reaction is acid-catalyzed, and the pH of the reaction can alter the kinetics and degree of derivatization of the carbohydrate by ANTS. Labeling of carbohydrates with ANTS allows for complex mixtures to be separated via capillary electrophoresis.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays using ANTS typically involve measuring membrane integrity or permeability. A standard protocol: liposomes are prepared encapsulating a high concentration of ANTS and a quencher such as DPX. These ANTS/DPX-loaded liposomes are then added to cells or to a solution containing a membrane-disrupting agent. The fluorescence of ANTS is monitored over time using a fluorometer with excitation at 355 nm and emission at 512 nm. An increase in fluorescence indicates leakage of the liposome contents, which can be used to assess the membrane-damaging activity of a compound or to study the mechanisms of membrane fusion and lysis.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments using ANTS are limited. For studies of membrane permeability in vivo, ANTS can be encapsulated in liposomes or other carriers and administered to animals. A standard protocol for assessing intestinal permeability: ANTS-loaded liposomes are administered orally to mice. At various time points, blood samples are collected, and the fluorescence of ANTS in the plasma is measured. An increase in plasma ANTS fluorescence indicates that the liposomes have been disrupted and the dye has been absorbed, providing a measure of intestinal membrane integrity. Such assays are used to study the effects of drugs or disease states on gut barrier function.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of ANTS are not a primary focus of study, as it is a research tool. The compound is water-soluble and highly negatively charged, which limits its ability to cross biological membranes. This property is exploited in membrane permeability assays, as ANTS is retained within liposomes or cells unless membrane integrity is compromised. The compound is stable in aqueous solutions and its fluorescence is pH-dependent, with stability at pH 4-10. It is typically stored as a powder at room temperature.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity data for ANTS is limited. As a fluorescent dye, it is generally considered to have low toxicity at the concentrations used for assays (typically in the micromolar to millimolar range). The compound is a polyanionic dye and is not expected to be readily absorbed through biological membranes, which limits its systemic toxicity. However, standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound. It should be stored appropriately and disposed of according to local regulations.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
ANTS is a fluorescent dye reagent used for the detection of membrane leakage and for labeling saccharides. Incorporation of ANTS and DPX into liposomes is an effective method for detecting membrane leakage. The dye has a relatively high Stokes shift in water, separating its emission from biological autofluorescence. Its primary amine group allows for reductive amination with carbohydrates. ANTS is not a drug and has no clinical use or approval status. It is commercially available from chemical suppliers for research purposes only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C10H7NO9S3-2.2[NA+].H2O
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
445.35376
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| Exact Mass |
426.908
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| CAS # |
5398-34-5
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| Related CAS # |
79873-38-4 (unspecified hydrochloride salt);901-79-1 (tri-hydrochloride salt)
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| PubChem CID |
64951
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.974g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
138 °C (dec.)(lit.)
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| LogP |
3.3
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
10
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
23
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| Complexity |
756
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
UBDHSURDYAETAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H9NO9S3/c11-8-3-6(21(12,13)14)1-5-2-7(22(15,16)17)4-9(10(5)8)23(18,19)20/h1-4H,11H2,(H,12,13,14)(H,15,16,17)(H,18,19,20)
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| Chemical Name |
8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~20 mg/mL (~46.80 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.2454 mL | 11.2271 mL | 22.4542 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4491 mL | 2.2454 mL | 4.4908 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2245 mL | 1.1227 mL | 2.2454 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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