| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| Other Sizes |
Anemarsaponin B is a naturally occuring steroidal saponin extracted from the rhizomes of A. asphodeloides (Liliaceae). It has anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-treated RAW 264.7macrophages, the effect is associated with the inhibition of NF-κB transcriptional activity, possibly via the p38 MAP kinase pathway. Anemarsaponin B can inhibit PAF-induced rabbit platelet aggregation in vitro. Anemarsaponin B decreases the protein and mRNA levels of iNOS and COX-2. Anemarsaponin B reduces the expressions and productions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-a and IL-6. Anemarsaponin B inhibits the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB by blocking the phosphorylation of IκBα. Anemarsaponin B also inhibits the phosphorylation of MAP kinase kinases 3/6 (MKK3/6) and mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3). Anti-inflammatory effect .
| Targets |
Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway
p38 MAP kinase pathway[1] |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Anemarsaponin B significantly and dose-dependently decreased the protein and mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.[1]
Anemarsaponin B reduced the expressions and productions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.[1] Anemarsaponin B attenuated the LPS-induced DNA binding and transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) as shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and reporter gene assays.[1] Anemarsaponin B significantly inhibited the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB by blocking the phosphorylation of inhibitory kappa B-α (IκB-α).[1] Anemarsaponin B inhibited the phosphorylation of MAP kinase kinases 3/6 (MKK3/6) and mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3), which are involved in the p38 pathway.[1] Anemarsaponin B suppressed the LPS-induced activation of p38, but did not affect the phosphorylations of ERK and JNK1/2.[1] Cell viability assay (MTT) showed that treatment of macrophages with Anemarsaponin B at 25, 50, or 100 μM for 24 h did not induce any cell growth or cytotoxicity at the concentrations used.[1] |
| Cell Assay |
RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line was grown in DMEM medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum, penicillin, and streptomycin in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2. Cells were incubated with Anemarsaponin B at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 μM, or with positive controls (L-NIL or NS-398), and then stimulated with LPS 1 μg/ml for the indicated time.[1]
Cell viability was determined using colorimetric MTT assays. Cells were plated at a density of 10^5 cells/well in 96-well plates and treated with various concentrations of Anemarsaponin B for 24 h.[1] Nitrite levels in culture media were determined using the Griess reaction assay to reflect NO levels. Cells were plated at 5 × 10^5 cells/well in 24 well-plates and incubated with or without LPS in the absence or presence of various concentrations of Anemarsaponin B for 24 h.[1] Levels of PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the culture media were quantified using enzyme immunoassay kits. Cells were pretreated with Anemarsaponin B for 1 h and then stimulated with LPS for 24 h.[1] Western blot analysis was performed to detect protein levels. Cells were lysed, proteins separated by SDS-PAGE, transferred to nitrocellulose membrane, and probed with specific antibodies.[1] RNA was isolated, reverse transcribed, and PCR amplified to detect mRNA levels of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6, and β-actin.[1] Nuclear extracts were prepared for electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) to assess NF-κB-DNA binding.[1] Transient transfection and luciferase assay were performed to measure NF-κB transcriptional activity. Cells were transfected with NF-κB-luc reporter plasmid, pretreated with Anemarsaponin B, stimulated with LPS, and luciferase activity was measured.[1] |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Anemarsaponin B has been reported to contain Anemarsaponin B, and related data have been reported. Anemarsaponin B is a steroidal saponin isolated from the rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides (Liliaceae). [1] Anemarrhena asphodeloides is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and has anti-diabetic and diuretic effects. [1] The anti-inflammatory effect of Anemarsaponin B in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages is related to the inhibition of NF-κB transcriptional activity, and may exert its effect through the p38 MAP kinase pathway. [1]
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| Molecular Formula |
C45H74O18
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
903.0583
|
| Exact Mass |
902.487
|
| CAS # |
139051-27-7
|
| PubChem CID |
44575944
|
| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
|
| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
1023.7±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Flash Point |
572.9±34.3 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.626
|
| LogP |
2.01
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
11
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
18
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
13
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
63
|
| Complexity |
1590
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
25
|
| SMILES |
O1C(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])O[C@@]2([H])[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])([C@@]([H])([C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])O[H])O2)O[H])O[H])O[H])=C(C([H])([H])[H])[C@@]2([H])[C@]1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])C3([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C4([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@]4(C([H])([H])[H])C3([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]12C([H])([H])[H])O[C@@]1([H])[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])([C@]([H])([C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])O[H])O1)O[H])O[H])O[C@@]1([H])[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])([C@@]([H])([C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])O[H])O1)O[H])O[H])O[H]
|
| InChi Key |
ROHLIYKWVMBBFX-XNZAAYBPSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C45H74O18/c1-19(18-57-41-38(55)35(52)32(49)28(15-46)60-41)5-8-26-20(2)31-27(59-26)14-25-23-7-6-21-13-22(9-11-44(21,3)24(23)10-12-45(25,31)4)58-43-40(37(54)34(51)30(17-48)62-43)63-42-39(56)36(53)33(50)29(16-47)61-42/h19,21-25,27-43,46-56H,5-18H2,1-4H3/t19-,21+,22-,23+,24-,25-,27-,28+,29+,30+,31-,32+,33+,34-,35-,36-,37-,38+,39+,40+,41+,42-,43+,44-,45-/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S)-4-[(1R,2S,4S,8S,9S,12S,13S,16S,18R)-16-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-6-en-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.1073 mL | 5.5367 mL | 11.0735 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2215 mL | 1.1073 mL | 2.2147 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1107 mL | 0.5537 mL | 1.1073 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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