| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| 250mg | |||
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| Targets |
The primary "target" of Amyloid beta Peptide (42-1) is not a biological target for modulation, but rather its use as a negative control in Alzheimer's disease research. As the reverse sequence of the pathogenic Abeta (1-42), it does not possess the same aggregation properties or neurotoxic effects. It is used to rule out non-specific effects in experiments, such as those caused by peptide handling, solvent, or general peptide toxicity. It does not have a known receptor or biological activity.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Amyloid beta Peptide (42-1) is used as an inactive control peptide for amyloid beta Peptide (1-42). It is used to demonstrate that the effects of the active peptide, such as neurotoxicity, aggregation, or inflammation, are specific to the (1-42) sequence and not due to non-specific effects of the peptide itself. It has no known biological activity of its own and is a critical reagent for ensuring the validity of experimental results in Alzheimer's disease research.
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| ln Vivo |
Human β-Amyloid protein (42-1) can be utilized to imitate Alzheimer's disease in animals.
In vivo, Amyloid beta Peptide (42-1) is used as an inactive control in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. It is often injected into the brains of rodents alongside the active Abeta (1-42) peptide. While the active peptide induces neuroinflammation, amyloid plaque formation, and cognitive deficits, the (42-1) reverse peptide serves as a negative control, demonstrating that the observed pathological effects are sequence-specific and not due to the injection procedure or general peptide toxicity. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free assays for Amyloid beta Peptide (42-1) are not applicable, as it is an inactive control peptide with no defined target. However, its aggregation properties can be studied to confirm its lack of aggregation compared to the active (1-42) peptide. A common protocol involves incubating the peptide in a buffer (e.g., PBS) at 37degC and measuring the formation of aggregates over time using Thioflavin T fluorescence, which binds to amyloid fibrils. The (42-1) peptide would show little to no increase in fluorescence, confirming its non-aggregating nature.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular experiments, neuronal cell lines (e.g., SH-SY5Y, PC12) or primary neurons are cultured in appropriate media. Cells are treated with the inactive Amyloid beta Peptide (42-1) alongside the active Abeta (1-42) peptide at various concentrations (typically 1-50 uM). Cell viability is assessed using MTT or LDH assays. The (42-1) peptide should show no significant neurotoxicity, serving as a negative control for the cytotoxic effects of the active peptide.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with Amyloid beta Peptide (42-1) are conducted in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. A common protocol involves stereotaxic injection of the peptide into the hippocampus or lateral ventricle of the brain. The (42-1) peptide is injected as a control alongside the active Abeta (1-42). The animals are then assessed for cognitive deficits using behavioral tests (e.g., Morris water maze) and for neuroinflammation and amyloid pathology using immunohistochemistry. The (42-1) injected animals serve as a negative control, showing no cognitive or pathological changes.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Amyloid beta Peptide (42-1) has a molecular weight of 4514.04 g/mol and a molecular formula of C203H311N55O60S. As a peptide, it is typically administered by injection in experimental settings. It is soluble in aqueous buffers, often requiring initial dissolution in DMSO or HFIP (hexafluoroisopropanol). It is stable as a powder and should be stored at -20degC. Its pharmacokinetic properties are not relevant as it is a research tool, not a therapeutic agent.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of Amyloid beta Peptide (42-1) is minimal, as it is an inactive peptide. It does not exhibit the neurotoxicity associated with the active Abeta (1-42) peptide. It is used as a safe, negative control in Alzheimer's disease research. It is for research use only and not for human therapeutic use. It should be handled with standard laboratory precautions.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Amyloid beta Peptide (42-1) is a 42-amino acid peptide that is the reverse sequence of the amyloidogenic Amyloid beta Peptide (1-42). It is the inactive control peptide for Abeta (1-42) and is used in Alzheimer's disease research to rule out non-specific effects. It is a crucial reagent for ensuring the validity of experiments studying the neurotoxic and pathological effects of the active Abeta peptide. It is not a therapeutic agent.
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| CAS # |
317366-82-8
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
0
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). This product is not stable in solution, please use freshly prepared working solution for optimal results. (2). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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