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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Amylase targets starch, glycogen, and other polysaccharides containing α-1,4-glucosidic linkages. It catalyzes the endohydrolysis of these linkages, a process known as hydrolysis, breaking down the large polysaccharide chains into smaller, more digestible molecules. This enzymatic activity is essential for the digestion of carbohydrates.
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| ln Vitro |
The adherence of S is mostly promoted by mixtures of proline-rich proteins and glycosylated amylase, or by fractions that primarily contain non-glycosylated amylase. Gordonii G9B. Amylase-containing fractions do not encourage S adhesion. HAP 10556 to sanguis [1].
In vitro, Amylase is characterized by its ability to hydrolyze starch. Its activity is typically measured by its ability to break down starch, resulting in a decrease in the blue color of the starch-iodine complex or an increase in reducing sugars. It is used in food processing and biochemical research. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Amylase is a key digestive enzyme. It is secreted by the salivary glands (salivary amylase) and the pancreas (pancreatic amylase) and is responsible for the initial digestion of starch in the mouth and the small intestine. It is also used as a supplement in animal feed to improve the digestibility of starch.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro enzyme activity assay for Amylase involves incubating the enzyme with a starch substrate in a suitable buffer at an optimal pH and temperature. The reaction is stopped, and the amount of reducing sugars produced (e.g., maltose) is measured using a colorimetric method, such as the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) assay. One unit of amylase activity is defined as the amount of enzyme that hydrolyzes 1 μmol of glycosidic bonds per minute under the assay conditions.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell culture studies are not typically performed with Amylase, as it is a digestive enzyme. However, its effects on cellular metabolism can be studied by supplementing the culture medium with its breakdown products, such as glucose. Its primary use is in biochemical assays and industrial applications.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for Amylase are often performed to study its role in digestion. Animals are fed a starch-rich diet, and the activity of amylase in the intestine or pancreatic secretions is measured. Its efficacy as a feed additive is assessed by measuring the growth performance and nutrient digestibility in livestock.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Amylase is a protein with a molecular weight that varies depending on its source. It is typically supplied as a powder. It is soluble in water and is stable at room temperature for short periods but is best stored at 4°C or -20°C for long-term stability. Its activity is optimal at pH 4.5-7.0, depending on the source.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Amylase indicate that it is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in food and feed. It is non-toxic and well-tolerated. It is not intended for human therapeutic use. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the enzyme.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Amylase is an industrial enzyme with no clinical approval. It is widely used in the food and beverage industry (e.g., for starch hydrolysis, brewing, and baking), in the textile industry (e.g., for desizing), and in the production of biofuels. It is also used as a research tool for studying carbohydrate metabolism and as a digestive enzyme supplement in some animal feeds.
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| Molecular Weight |
0
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|---|---|
| CAS # |
9000-92-4
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| PubChem CID |
71475145
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to khaki solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
14
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| Complexity |
238
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~1 mg/mL
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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