| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Targets |
Amoscanate acts as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. By disrupting the proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane, it uncouples electron transport from ATP synthesis, leading to energy depletion. This mechanism is thought to contribute to its anti-schistosomal activity, as the parasites are highly dependent on oxidative phosphorylation for energy.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, amoscanate demonstrates anti-schistosomal activity. Its activity is assessed in parasite cultures, where it inhibits the motility and survival of schistosomes. Its mechanism as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation can be studied in mitochondrial preparations, where it stimulates oxygen consumption and dissipates the proton gradient.
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| ln Vivo |
Amoscanate harms the periventricular brain and ependyma when taken orally for 10 days at a dose of 500 mg/kg [1]. Macrostriatal ependymal/subependymal focal necrosis, Ca++-positive microparticles, pyknosis, and edema are the consequences of amoscarate (250 and 500 mg/kg; oral; 28 days) [1]. Ependymal necrosis progresses over a period of 20 days when amoscarate (25–500 mg/kg; oral) is used [1]. The ultrastructural damage caused by amoscanate to ependymal cells is significant [1].
In vivo, amoscanate is used for the treatment of schistosomiasis. In rodent models, oral administration at a dose of 500 mg/kg for 10 days causes injury to the periventricular brain and ependyma. It is effective against all forms of schistosomiasis and has a cure rate of approximately 80-85% after 6 months. |
| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro assay for amoscanate measures its ability to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation. These cell-free assays use isolated mitochondria and measure oxygen consumption, ATP synthesis, and membrane potential. The compound's potency as an uncoupler is determined by measuring the increase in oxygen consumption or the decrease in membrane potential.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for amoscanate assess its effects on parasite viability and host cell function. Schistosomes are cultured in the presence of amoscanate, and their motility and survival are assessed. Its effects on host cells can be studied in cell culture models to evaluate potential toxicity.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: SD (SD (Sprague-Dawley)) rat[1]
Doses: 500 mg/kg Route of Administration: Po; 10-day Experimental Results: Ependymal and periventricular brain destruction. Animal/Disease Models: SD (SD (Sprague-Dawley)) rat[1] Doses: 250 and 500 mg/kg Route of Administration: Po; 28-day Experimental Results: medial striatum ependymal/subependymal necrosis, Ca++-positive particles, pyknosis and edema. Animal/Disease Models: SD (SD (Sprague-Dawley)) rats [1] Doses: 25~500 mg/kg Route of Administration: Po; 20-day Experimental Results: Caused progressive ependymal necrosis. In vivo animal studies for amoscanate have been conducted in rodent models of schistosomiasis to evaluate its efficacy. It has also been studied for its toxic effects on the central nervous system. In one study, oral administration at 500 mg/kg for 10 days caused injury to the periventricular brain and ependyma. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Specific pharmacokinetic data for amoscanate are not extensively detailed in the available literature. As an anti-schistosomal agent, its pharmacokinetic properties would be important for its therapeutic use. However, specific parameters such as half-life and bioavailability are not provided. It is a research compound and is not for human use.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Amoscanate is associated with significant toxicity, particularly neurotoxicity. In rodent models, it has been shown to cause injury to the periventricular brain and ependyma at high doses. Its safety profile has limited its clinical use. It is intended for research purposes only.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Amoscarbate is an isothiocyanate, specifically a phenyl isothiocyanate in which the para-hydrogen is replaced by a 4-nitroaniline group. It is a schistosomiasis-killing agent. It is a C-nitro compound, an isothiocyanate, and a secondary amine compound. Its function is similar to that of diphenylamine.
Amoscanate (CAS 26328-53-0) is an anti-schistosomal agent and an isothiocyanate compound. It acts as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. It has a molecular formula of C13H9N3O2S and a molecular weight of 271.29. It is effective against all forms of schistosomiasis but is associated with significant neurotoxicity. It is a research compound and is not approved for clinical use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C13H9N3O2S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
271.29446
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| Exact Mass |
271.042
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| CAS # |
26328-53-0
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| PubChem CID |
33488
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| Appearance |
Yellow to orange solid powder
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| Density |
1.3g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
469.7ºC at 760mmHg
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| Melting Point |
196-198°
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| Flash Point |
237.9ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
5.38E-09mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.654
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| LogP |
4.668
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
19
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| Complexity |
349
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C1=CC(=CC=C1NC2=CC=C(C=C2)[N+](=O)[O-])N=C=S
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| InChi Key |
DKVNAGXPRSYHLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C13H9N3O2S/c17-16(18)13-7-5-12(6-8-13)15-11-3-1-10(2-4-11)14-9-19/h1-8,15H
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| Chemical Name |
4-isothiocyanato-N-(4-nitrophenyl)aniline
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~50 mg/mL (~184.30 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.6861 mL | 18.4305 mL | 36.8609 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7372 mL | 3.6861 mL | 7.3722 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3686 mL | 1.8430 mL | 3.6861 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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