| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| Targets |
Firefly luciferase (Luc). Aminoluciferin is a substrate of luciferase that is oxidized in the presence of ATP, magnesium, and oxygen to produce light. The amino substitution at position 6 enhances luciferase binding affinity relative to the native substrate D-luciferin. The compound is a versatile luciferin used by over 15 different organisms, including Renilla (RLuc), Metridia longa (MLuc), and Gaussia (GLuc) species.
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| ln Vitro |
Aminoluciferin demonstrates enhanced luciferase binding affinity relative to the native substrate D-luciferin. Upon reaction with reactive oxygen species (ROS), the caged group of probe 3 is removed and free Aminoluciferin is released, accompanied by a red shift in the maximum emission peak from 450 to 525 nm. The compound is a versatile substrate for multiple luciferase enzymes.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Aminoluciferin can be used for IVIS imaging in cells and animals. It serves as a luminogenic substrate for bioluminescence imaging applications, enabling the detection of luciferase-expressing cells in living organisms. The compound's enhanced binding affinity and cell permeability make it suitable for sensitive in vivo imaging studies.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro luciferase assays for Aminoluciferin involve measuring light production in the presence of luciferase enzyme, ATP, and magnesium. The compound is incubated with purified firefly luciferase or luciferase-expressing cell lysates, and bioluminescence is measured using a luminometer. The enhanced binding affinity of Aminoluciferin relative to D-luciferin can be characterized by comparing kinetic parameters such as Km and Vmax.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for Aminoluciferin involve culturing cells expressing firefly luciferase or other luciferase enzymes. Cells are treated with Aminoluciferin, and bioluminescence is measured using a plate reader or imaging system. The compound can be used to assess cellular ATP levels, luciferase expression, or as a reporter for various biological processes. The cell-permeable nature of Aminoluciferin makes it suitable for live-cell imaging applications.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Aminoluciferin are conducted in mouse models expressing luciferase for bioluminescence imaging. The compound is typically administered via intravenous, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous injection. Bioluminescence is measured using an IVIS imaging system or similar equipment. The compound's biodistribution and clearance can be assessed by monitoring light emission over time. Dosing regimens vary depending on the specific imaging application.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Aminoluciferin has a molecular weight of 279.34 g/mol and a molecular formula of C11H9N3O2S2. It is a synthetic amino analog of the common D-luciferin substrate. The compound is soluble in DMSO and should be stored protected from light at -20°C. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters are not extensively documented.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Aminoluciferin is generally considered safe for research use at appropriate concentrations. As a luciferase substrate, it is not intended for human therapeutic use. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be taken when handling the compound. It should be stored under recommended conditions to maintain stability and activity.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Aminoluciferin (6-Amino-D-luciferin) is a synthetic analog of the natural luciferase substrate D-luciferin with enhanced binding affinity. It is a cell-permeable, luminogenic substrate for firefly luciferase used in bioluminescence imaging and ultrasensitive protease assays. The compound is not approved for clinical use and is available for research purposes only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C11H9N3O2S2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
279.33
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| Exact Mass |
279.013
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| CAS # |
161055-47-6
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| PubChem CID |
40429037
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to brown solid powder
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| Density |
1.8±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
594.9±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
313.6±32.9 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.8 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.888
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| LogP |
0.32
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
18
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| Complexity |
391
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
C1[C@@H](N=C(S1)C2=NC3=C(S2)C=C(C=C3)N)C(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
HKSJKXOOBAVPKR-SSDOTTSWSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C11H9N3O2S2/c12-5-1-2-6-8(3-5)18-10(13-6)9-14-7(4-17-9)11(15)16/h1-3,7H,4,12H2,(H,15,16)/t7-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(4S)-2-(6-Amino-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid
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| Synonyms |
Aminoluciferin aLuc D-aminoluciferin Aminoluciferin[firefly] 6-Amino-D-luciferin
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~12.5 mg/mL (~44.75 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.5800 mL | 17.9000 mL | 35.7999 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7160 mL | 3.5800 mL | 7.1600 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3580 mL | 1.7900 mL | 3.5800 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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