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| 5mg |
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| Targets |
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, cell migration, and angiogenesis. alpha-Tocopherol phosphate does not have a specific protein target but acts as a free radical scavenger, neutralizing ROS and preventing oxidative stress-induced damage. It protects against UVA1-induced cell death by reducing the levels of ROS. It also inhibits endothelial progenitor cell apoptosis and increases their migration ability under high glucose/low oxygen conditions. Additionally, it promotes angiogenesis by enhancing the formation of new blood vessels. The exact molecular pathways involved include the activation of PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling, and the inhibition of caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways. The compound also modulates gene expression related to oxidative stress and inflammation.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, alpha-Tocopherol phosphate disodium demonstrates significant antioxidant activity. At concentrations of 10-200 uM, it scavenges UVA1-induced ROS in a dose-dependent manner, as measured by fluorescent probes such as DCFH-DA. It protects various cell types (e.g., fibroblasts, keratinocytes, endothelial cells, hippocampal neurons) against oxidative damage, reducing cell death and preserving mitochondrial membrane potential. At 50-100 uM, it inhibits the activation of caspases-3, -8, and -9, thereby reducing apoptosis. In endothelial progenitor cells cultured under high glucose (25 mM) and hypoxic (1-2% O2) conditions, alpha-tocopherol phosphate (50-100 uM) increases cell migration in a transwell assay and promotes tube formation in Matrigel, indicating pro-angiogenic activity. These effects are associated with increased phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, alpha-tocopherol phosphate disodium has been used in animal models of oxidative stress, wound healing, and ischemia. In a rat model of hippocampal neuronal oxidative damage, administration of the compound (10-50 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal or oral) protects against oxidative stress-induced neuronal death and preserves cognitive function. In a mouse model of skin photodamage, topical application of alpha-tocopherol phosphate (1-5% cream) reduces UVA1-induced skin inflammation, edema, and DNA damage. In diabetic mouse models, alpha-tocopherol phosphate (50-100 mg/kg/day, oral or IP) accelerates wound closure and improves angiogenesis in ischemic hindlimb models, associated with increased capillary density and improved blood flow. The compound also lowers serum levels of oxidative stress markers (MDA, 8-OHdG) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha).
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| Enzyme Assay |
For a non-cellular ROS scavenging assay, alpha-tocopherol phosphate disodium is dissolved in PBS or water at a concentration of 1-10 mM. The antioxidant activity is measured using a chemical method, such as the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. In a 96-well plate, 100 uL of the test compound at various concentrations (0-1000 uM in PBS) is mixed with 100 uL of DPPH solution (0.1 mM in methanol or ethanol). The mixture is incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes in the dark. The absorbance is read at 517 nm using a microplate reader. The percentage of DPPH radical scavenging is calculated as [(A_control - A_sample)/A_control] × 100. Alternatively, the ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical cation decolorization assay can be used, with absorbance read at 734 nm. For metal chelating activity, a ferrozine-based assay can be performed. The IC50 for free radical scavenging is determined from the dose-response curve.
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| Cell Assay |
A typical in vitro cell protection experiment involves culturing cells (e.g., rat hippocampal neurons, human dermal fibroblasts, or endothelial cells) in 96-well or 24-well plates at 70-80% confluence. alpha-Tocopherol phosphate disodium is prepared as a 10-100 mM stock solution in sterile water or PBS, then diluted to working concentrations (10-200 uM) in cell culture medium. Cells are pre-incubated with the compound for 1-2 hours or overnight. To induce oxidative stress, UVA1 irradiation (340-400 nm, 10-20 J/cm2) is performed, or cells are treated with H2O2 (100-500 uM) or other oxidizing agents. After 24-48 hours of additional incubation, cell viability is assessed using MTT, XTT, or LDH release assays. Apoptosis is quantified by Annexin V/PI staining flow cytometry, TUNEL assay, or measuring caspase-3/7 activity. ROS levels are measured using DCFH-DA (10 uM for 30 min) and fluorescence read at 485/535 nm. For migration assays, endothelial cells are scratched with a pipette tip, and the wound closure is monitored over 24-48 hours in the presence of the compound under high glucose (25 mM) and hypoxic (1% O2) conditions.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo studies, alpha-tocopherol phosphate disodium is typically dissolved in sterile saline or PBS at a concentration of 5-50 mg/mL (pH adjusted to 7.4 if necessary). For oral administration, the compound can be dissolved in water or given as a suspension in 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). In a rat model of oxidative stress, rats (200-250 g, Sprague-Dawley) receive the compound at 10-100 mg/kg/day by oral gavage (1-2 mL) or intraperitoneal injection (0.5-1 mL) for 7-14 days. In a mouse model of skin photodamage, a cream formulation containing 1-5% alpha-tocopherol phosphate is applied topically to the dorsal skin (100-200 uL) 30 minutes before UVA1 irradiation, and daily thereafter. In a diabetic mouse model of wound healing, full-thickness excisional wounds (6-8 mm diameter) are created on the back of db/db or streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Wounds are treated topically with 50-100 uL of alpha-tocopherol phosphate solution (5-20 mg/mL in PBS) or vehicle daily. Wound closure is monitored by digital photography every 2-3 days. At the end of the experiment (day 7-14), mice are euthanized, and wound tissues are harvested for histology (H&E, Masson's trichrome), immunohistochemistry (CD31 for angiogenesis, alpha-SMA for myofibroblasts), and Western blotting for oxidative and apoptotic markers.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic profile of alpha-tocopherol phosphate disodium is distinct from that of alpha-tocopherol due to its water solubility. Following oral administration, the compound is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract with a Tmax of 1-2 hours. The plasma half-life is approximately 2-4 hours in rodents, much shorter than that of alpha-tocopherol (which can be days). The compound is likely dephosphorylated in the intestine and liver by alkaline phosphatases to release free alpha-tocopherol, which then follows the PK of Vitamin E (long half-life, stored in adipose tissue). However, some intact alpha-tocopherol phosphate may also enter circulation. The compound has a volume of distribution of 0.5-1 L/kg, indicating distribution primarily in the extracellular fluid. Excretion is primarily via the bile, with some renal excretion of metabolites. Following intravenous administration, the compound is rapidly cleared from the bloodstream, with a distribution half-life of minutes and an elimination half-life of 1-2 hours. Detailed human PK data are not available for the disodium salt form.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological studies indicate that alpha-tocopherol phosphate disodium has low acute and chronic toxicity. In rodents, oral LD50 is >2000 mg/kg. Daily oral doses of up to 200 mg/kg for 90 days were well tolerated, with no significant adverse effects on body weight, food intake, hematology, serum biochemistry, or histopathology. The compound is not genotoxic in standard Ames test or micronucleus assays. alpha-Tocopherol and its derivatives are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA for use as food additives and nutritional supplements. However, as a research chemical, standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed. Avoid inhalation of dust, contact with eyes and skin. The compound is not intended for human therapeutic use without appropriate regulatory approval.
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| Additional Infomation |
alpha-Tocopherol phosphate disodium is a water-soluble, research-grade analog of Vitamin E. It is supplied as a white to off-white solid powder with a purity of ≥98% (typically >98%). The molecular weight is 554.65, and the formula is C29H49Na2O5P. The compound is soluble in water and PBS (up to 10-20 mg/mL), as well as in DMSO (~4.55 mg/mL). It should be stored at -20degC for up to 3 years as a powder. Stock solutions can be stored at 4degC for short-term use or -20degC for longer storage. Protect from light and moisture. This compound is widely used in oxidative stress research, particularly in studies involving UVA1-induced skin damage, neuroprotection, and cardiovascular biology. Its water solubility makes it easier to use in cell culture and in vivo studies compared to the lipophilic Vitamin E. alpha-Tocopherol phosphate inhibits endothelial progenitor cell apoptosis, increases their migration under high glucose/low oxygen conditions, and promotes angiogenesis. This compound is also known as (+/-)-alpha-Tocopherol phosphate disodium salt. It is for research use only, not for clinical or diagnostic use.
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| Molecular Formula |
C29H49NA2O5P
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| Molecular Weight |
554.65000
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| Exact Mass |
554.311
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| CAS # |
60934-46-5
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| Related CAS # |
α-Tocopherol phosphate;38976-17-9
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| PubChem CID |
18391755
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
615.3ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
325.9ºC
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| LogP |
9.482
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
13
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| Heavy Atom Count |
37
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| Complexity |
652
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
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| SMILES |
CC1=C(C(=C(C2=C1OC(CC2)(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)C)OP(=O)([O-])[O-])C.[Na+].[Na+]
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| InChi Key |
LPWACMVJQSCQOF-RQGAJXLPSA-L
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C29H51O5P.2Na/c1-20(2)12-9-13-21(3)14-10-15-22(4)16-11-18-29(8)19-17-26-25(7)27(34-35(30,31)32)23(5)24(6)28(26)33-29;;/h20-22H,9-19H2,1-8H3,(H2,30,31,32);;/q;2*+1/p-2/t21-,22-,29-;;/m1../s1
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| Chemical Name |
disodium;[(2R)-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydrochromen-6-yl] phosphate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~4.55 mg/mL (~8.20 mM )
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.8029 mL | 9.0147 mL | 18.0294 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3606 mL | 1.8029 mL | 3.6059 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1803 mL | 0.9015 mL | 1.8029 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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