| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| 5mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
α-Chaconine targets multiple pathways and enzymes. It inhibits the expressions of COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α at the transcriptional level. As a glycoalkaloid, it disrupts cell membranes and interacts with cellular enzymes. It displays nerve toxin activity. Its mechanism involves modulation of inflammatory pathways and membrane disruption. The compound is a natural defense compound in plants against pathogens and herbivores.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
α-Chaconine decreases c-Jun translocation and phosphorylation, which in turn attenuates the transcriptional activity of activator protein 1 (AP-1). α-Chaconine prevents endotoxic shock mice by inhibiting lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 macrophages through AP-1 inactivation. Additionally, TGF-β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1), which is upstream of MKK7/JNK signaling, is not phosphorylated when α-chaconine is present [1].
In vitro, α-chaconine inhibits the expressions of COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α at the transcriptional level. It has potential antifungal activity. Its activity is typically evaluated using cell-based assays measuring inflammatory cytokine production and cell viability. As a glycoalkaloid, it also disrupts cell membranes, which can be assessed using membrane integrity assays. However, specific IC50 values are not extensively reported in the available literature. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, α-chaconine has been studied for its role in plant defense mechanisms. As a glycoalkaloid, it contributes to the toxicity of green potatoes. It has been investigated for its potential therapeutic applications in cancer research due to its ability to inhibit tumor cell growth. However, specific in vivo efficacy data, including dosing regimens and animal models, are not extensively detailed in the available literature. The compound is primarily a research tool.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free assays for α-chaconine involve studying its membrane-disrupting properties and enzyme inhibitory activities. Membrane disruption can be assessed using liposome leakage assays or hemolysis assays. Its ability to inhibit COX-2 can be evaluated using enzyme activity assays. The compound's chemical purity and identity are confirmed by HPLC, NMR, and mass spectrometry. It is typically dissolved in DMSO or appropriate solvents for assay preparation.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for α-chaconine typically involve treating immune cells or cancer cells with various concentrations of the compound. Inflammatory cytokine production (COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) is measured by qPCR or ELISA. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or similar assays. Membrane integrity is assessed using LDH release assays or propidium iodide staining. The compound's effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis are also evaluated.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for α-chaconine are limited due to its toxicity. Studies may be conducted in models of inflammation or cancer. The compound is administered via various routes. Inflammatory markers are measured in serum and tissues. Tumor growth is monitored in cancer models. However, specific dosing regimens and experimental protocols are not extensively documented in the available literature. The compound is primarily a research tool for studying glycoalkaloid biology.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of α-chaconine include a molecular weight of 852.06 g/mol and molecular formula C45H73NO14. It has a melting point of 228-236 °C and solubility of 3.9E-4 g/L in water. As a glycoalkaloid, it has poor oral bioavailability. The compound is typically stored at appropriate conditions as a research reagent. Detailed ADME parameters are not extensively reported.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of α-chaconine is characterized by its nerve toxin activity. As a glycoalkaloid found in potatoes, it can cause gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms at high doses. The compound is intended for research use only and not for therapeutic applications in humans. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
α-Solanine is a steroidal saponin and glycoside alkaloid. It has been reported that α-Solanine is found in potatoes, peppers, and other organisms with relevant data.
α-Chaconine is a glycoalkaloid and steroid saponin from potatoes with nerve toxin activity and potential antifungal activity. It inhibits COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression. Its molecular formula is C45H73NO14 with a molecular weight of 852.06 g/mol. α-Chaconine is a research tool for studying glycoalkaloid biology, inflammation, and plant defense. It is not for therapeutic use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C45H73NO14
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
852.0594
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| Exact Mass |
851.503
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| CAS # |
20562-03-2
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| PubChem CID |
442971
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.37 g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
228-236ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.621
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| LogP |
1.12
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
8
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
15
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
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| Heavy Atom Count |
60
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| Complexity |
1570
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
26
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| SMILES |
C[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H]3[C@@H](N2C1)C[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H]5[C@H]4CC=C6[C@@]5(CC[C@@H](C6)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O8)C)O)O)O)O)O[C@H]9[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O9)C)O)O)O)C)C)C
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| InChi Key |
TYNQWWGVEGFKRU-AJDPQWBVSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C45H73NO14/c1-19-7-10-28-20(2)31-29(46(28)17-19)16-27-25-9-8-23-15-24(11-13-44(23,5)26(25)12-14-45(27,31)6)57-43-40(60-42-37(53)35(51)33(49)22(4)56-42)38(54)39(30(18-47)58-43)59-41-36(52)34(50)32(48)21(3)55-41/h8,19-22,24-43,47-54H,7,9-18H2,1-6H3/t19-,20+,21-,22-,24-,25+,26-,27-,28+,29-,30+,31-,32-,33-,34+,35+,36+,37+,38-,39+,40+,41-,42-,43+,44-,45-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(1S,2S,7S,10R,11S,14S,15R,16S,17R,20S,23S)-10,14,16,20-tetramethyl-22-azahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.05,10.015,23.017,22]tetracos-4-en-7-yl]oxy]-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.1736 mL | 5.8681 mL | 11.7363 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2347 mL | 1.1736 mL | 2.3473 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1174 mL | 0.5868 mL | 1.1736 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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