| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). Allylglycine inhibits glutamate decarboxylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glutamate to GABA. This inhibition reduces GABA synthesis, leading to decreased inhibitory neurotransmission and increased neuronal excitability.
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| ln Vitro |
Commercial ergot supplements have been made from amino acids and their derivatives. They affect the release of anabolic hormones, the availability of fuel for activity, the ability to think clearly under pressure, and the prevention of muscular damage brought on by exertion. They are regarded as advantageous synergistic food ingredients [1].
Allylglycine inhibits glutamate decarboxylase activity in vitro, reducing GABA synthesis. The compound has been characterized in enzyme assays measuring GAD activity. Its potency as a GAD inhibitor has been determined in various in vitro systems using brain tissue homogenates or purified enzyme. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Allylglycine is used to induce seizures in animal models by inhibiting GABA synthesis and reducing inhibitory neurotransmission. The compound is administered systemically and produces dose-dependent convulsant effects. It is used to study epilepsy and to evaluate anticonvulsant drugs.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for Allylglycine involve measuring glutamate decarboxylase activity in brain tissue homogenates or purified enzyme preparations. The enzyme is incubated with glutamate substrate and varying concentrations of Allylglycine. GABA production is measured using chromatographic or enzymatic methods. IC50 values are determined from dose-response curves.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for Allylglycine involve culturing neuronal cells and treating them with the compound. GABA levels are measured using ELISA or chromatographic methods. Neuronal excitability can be assessed by measuring action potential firing or calcium influx. The compound's effects on synaptic transmission can be evaluated using electrophysiological techniques.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Allylglycine are conducted in rodent models to induce seizures. The compound is typically administered intraperitoneally. Seizure activity is monitored by behavioral observation or electroencephalography. The compound is used to study epilepsy mechanisms and to screen for anticonvulsant drugs. Dosing regimens vary depending on the study.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Allylglycine has a molecular weight of 115.13 and a molecular formula of C5H9NO2. It is a synthetic amino acid derivative that is soluble in water and organic solvents. The compound should be stored under recommended conditions. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters are not extensively documented in publicly available sources.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Allylglycine is a research chemical that can cause seizures due to GABA synthesis inhibition. It should be handled with care in laboratory settings. The compound is not approved for human therapeutic use and is available only for research purposes. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound.
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| References |
[1]. Luckose F, et al. Effects of amino acid derivatives on physical, mental, and physiological activities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015;55(13):1793-1144.
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| Additional Infomation |
DL-allylglycine is an α-amino acid. It is an inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase and an antagonist of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It has been used to induce convulsions in laboratory animals.
Allylglycine (2-amino-4-pentenoic acid) is a glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor used to study GABAergic neurotransmission and to induce seizures in animal models. It reduces GABA synthesis, leading to increased neuronal excitability. The compound is not approved for clinical use and is available for research purposes only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H9NO2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
115.1305
|
| Exact Mass |
115.063
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| CAS # |
7685-44-1
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| PubChem CID |
14044
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
222.7±23.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
251-253ºC
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| Flash Point |
88.5±22.6 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.9 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.461
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| LogP |
-0.06
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
8
|
| Complexity |
101
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| InChi Key |
WNNNWFKQCKFSDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H9NO2/c1-2-3-4(6)5(7)8/h2,4H,1,3,6H2,(H,7,8)
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| Chemical Name |
2-aminopent-4-enoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 8.6858 mL | 43.4292 mL | 86.8583 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.7372 mL | 8.6858 mL | 17.3717 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8686 mL | 4.3429 mL | 8.6858 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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