| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Allopurinol-d2 targets xanthine oxidase (XO), a key enzyme in purine metabolism that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. Allopurinol is a potent inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, thereby decreasing uric acid production. The compound also exhibits antileishmanial activity and is used in the treatment of hyperuricemia, chronic gout, and as an antiurolithic agent.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
In vitro, Allopurinol-d2 is used as a tracer to study xanthine oxidase inhibition and uric acid metabolism. The compound does not exhibit intrinsic pharmacological activity beyond that of Allopurinol but serves as a quantitative tool for studying enzyme inhibition and drug metabolism in cell-free and cell-based systems. Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase with IC₅₀ values of 7.82±0.12 μM. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Allopurinol-d2 is used in pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies to trace the distribution and metabolism of Allopurinol in animal models. The deuterium label allows for precise quantification of the drug and its metabolites in plasma and tissues using mass spectrometry. The compound is used in research on hyperuricemia, gout, and related metabolic disorders.
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| Enzyme Assay |
As an internal standard, Allopurinol-d2 is used in analytical assays such as LC-MS/MS. Typical protocols involve spiking the deuterated compound into biological samples prior to extraction and analysis. The labeled compound co-elutes with the unlabeled Allopurinol but is detected at a different mass-to-charge ratio, allowing for precise quantification and correction for matrix effects.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based experiments using Allopurinol-d2 involve treating cells with the compound and analyzing its uptake and metabolism by mass spectrometry. The compound can be used to study xanthine oxidase inhibition and the pharmacokinetics of Allopurinol in various cell types. Concentrations and incubation times vary depending on the experimental design.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies using Allopurinol-d2 involve administering the compound to rodents via oral gavage or intravenous injection. Blood samples are collected at various time points, and the concentration of the labeled compound is measured by mass spectrometry. Tissue distribution and metabolic profiling can also be performed to study the pharmacokinetics of Allopurinol.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Allopurinol-d2 exhibits pharmacokinetic properties similar to those of unlabeled Allopurinol. Allopurinol is rapidly absorbed after oral administration and metabolized to its active metabolite, oxypurinol. It is excreted primarily in urine. The deuterium label provides a distinct mass shift for analytical detection without significantly altering the compound's physicochemical properties.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Allopurinol-d2 is considered safe for research use at typical concentrations. Unlabeled Allopurinol has a well-established safety profile but can cause adverse effects such as skin rashes and gastrointestinal disturbances. As a stable isotope-labeled compound, it is not intended for therapeutic use and is handled under standard laboratory safety practices.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Allopurinol-d2 has a molecular formula of C₅H₂D₂N₄O and a molecular weight of 138.12. Isotopic enrichment is typically 98 atom% D. The compound is stored at refrigerator temperature (2-8°C) for long-term storage and is primarily used as an internal standard for mass spectrometry-based quantification of Allopurinol in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies.
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| Molecular Formula |
C5H2D2N4O
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
138.12400
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| Exact Mass |
138.051
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| CAS # |
916979-34-5
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| Related CAS # |
Allopurinol;315-30-0
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.92g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
>222°C
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| Flash Point |
234.117°C
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| LogP |
0.058
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 7.2401 mL | 36.2004 mL | 72.4008 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.4480 mL | 7.2401 mL | 14.4802 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7240 mL | 3.6200 mL | 7.2401 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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