In vitro activity : Dolutegravir(S/GSK1349572) inhibits HIV-1 integrase-catalyzed strand transfer with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2.7 nM. S/GSK1349572 inhibits both the HIV integration reaction strand transfer step in vitro and HIV replication in cells with similar potencies. The inhibitor has no effect on total viral DNA synthesis in infected cells but blocks the integration of viral DNA into host DNA with the same potency as its antiviral effect.Kinase Assay: The inhibitory potencies of S/GSK1349572 and other INIs are measured in a strand transfer assay using recombinant HIV integrase. A complex of integrase and biotinylated preprocessed donor DNA-streptavidin-coated Acintillation proximity assay (SPA) beads is formed by incubating 2 μM purified recombinant integrase with 0.66 μM biotinylated donor DNA-4 mg/mL streptavidin-coated SPA beads in 25 mM sodium morpholinepropanesulfonic acid (MOPS) (pH 7.2), 23 mM NaCl, and 10 mM MgCl2for 5 minutes at 37 °C. These beads are spun down and preincubated with diluted INIs for 60 minutes at 37 °C. Then a3H-labeled target DNA substrate is added to give a final concentration of 7 nM substrate, and the strand transfer reaction mixture is incubated at 37 °C for 25 to 45 minutes, which allows for a linear increase in the strand transfer of donor DNA to radiolabeled target DNA. The signal is read using a Wallac MicroBeta scintillation plate reader. Cell Assay: MT-4 cells growing exponentially at a density of 500000 or 600000 /mL are infected with HIV-1 strain IIIB at a viral multiplicity of infection of 0.001 or a 50% tissue culture infective dose of 4 to 10. The cells are then aliquoted to 96-well plates in the presence of varying concentrations of S/GSK1349572. After incubation for 4 or 5 days, antiviral activity is determined by a cell viability assay that either measured bioluminescence with a CellTiter-Glo luminescent reagent or measured absorbance at 560 and 690 nm using the yellow tetrazolium MTT reagent [3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide].

The bioavailability of dolutegravir was high when administered as a solution, but was limited by dissolution rate or solubility when administered as a suspension. Dolutegravir is the major circulating component in mice, rats, and monkeys, with direct ether glucuronidation shown to be the primary biotransformation pathway. Dolutegravir is primarily eliminated via the feces either unabsorbed or by hydrolysis of the glucuronide or glucose conjugate.

male Crl:CD (SD) rats, cynomolgus monkeys; Formulated as a solution in N,N-dimethylacetamide and diluted with 50 Mm N-methylglucamine in 3% mannitol; mg/kg for i.v.; 5, 50, 100, and 250 mg/kg(rats, oral); 3, 10, and 50 mg/kg(monkeys, oral); oral or i.v.

AIDS.2010 Nov 13;24(17):2753-5;Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2011 Feb;55(2):813-21;Antivir Chem Chemother.2015 Apr;24(2):72-6;Xenobiotica.2015 Jan;45(1):60-70.

C27H38N4O7

530.613227367401

928006-88-6

1051375-19-9(sodium);

O=C([C@@H]1CCCN1C(C)=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(=O)O)CC(C)C)=O)CC1C=CC(=CC=1)O)=O

GSK-1349572A;GSK1349572 sodium; GSK-1349572 sodium; GSK 1349572 sodium; Dolutegravir Sodium

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO:>4.4 mg/mL; < 12.6 mg/mL Water:<1 mg/mL Ethanol:<1 mg/mL

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

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Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders

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Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)