| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Acetoacetic acid sodium salt targets oxidative stress pathways as an inducer. It reduces the mRNA expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, and increases MDA levels. The compound inhibits the assembly of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in bovine hepatocytes. It is a metabolite involved in diabetes development. Acetoacetic acid sodium salt can be used to study metabolic diseases.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Acetoacetic acid sodium salt induces oxidative stress to inhibit the assembly of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in bovine hepatocytes. It reduces mRNA expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px) and increases MDA levels. The compound is a metabolite of non-esterified fatty acids. It is used in studies of oxidative stress and lipoprotein metabolism.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Acetoacetic acid sodium salt is involved in the development of human diabetes. It is a metabolite of non-esterified fatty acids. The compound induces oxidative stress and affects lipoprotein metabolism. It can be used to study metabolic diseases. Further in vivo studies are needed to fully characterize its physiological roles.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for Acetoacetic acid sodium salt involve measuring antioxidant enzyme activities. SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities are measured using appropriate assay kits. MDA levels are measured using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. VLDL assembly is assessed in bovine hepatocytes. The compound is added at varying concentrations, and effects on enzyme activities and oxidative stress markers are assessed. Assays are performed in appropriate buffer systems with positive controls.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Acetoacetic acid sodium salt are conducted in bovine hepatocytes and other cell types. Cells are cultured in appropriate media at 37°C with 5% CO2 and treated with the compound at varying concentrations. Antioxidant enzyme activities are measured in cell lysates. Oxidative stress markers such as ROS and MDA are measured. VLDL assembly is assessed. Cell viability is assessed by standard assays. Experiments are performed in triplicate with appropriate positive and negative controls.
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| Animal Protocol |
Acetoacetic acid sodium salt in vivo studies are conducted in animal models of diabetes and metabolic diseases. Animals are treated with the compound via oral administration or injection. Blood glucose and lipid levels are measured. Oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme activities are assessed. Animals are monitored for clinical signs. Tissues and blood samples are collected for biochemical analysis at study endpoints.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Acetoacetic acid sodium salt (MW 125.08 g/mol, C4H6O3Na) is a metabolite of non-esterified fatty acids. It is an oxidative stress inducer. The compound is soluble in water and other appropriate solvents. It is stable under recommended storage conditions. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life, bioavailability, and tissue distribution would be determined in species-specific studies. Acetoacetic acid sodium salt is used in metabolic and oxidative stress research.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Acetoacetic acid sodium salt is generally well-tolerated in preclinical studies. The compound is a metabolite of non-esterified fatty acids. No significant adverse effects have been reported in the available literature at research-use concentrations. The compound is intended for research use only. Standard laboratory safety practices should be employed when handling this compound. Comprehensive toxicological evaluation would be required for therapeutic development.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Acetoacetic acid sodium salt is a metabolite of non-esterified fatty acids involved in diabetes development. It is an oxidative stress inducer that reduces SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities and increases MDA levels. The compound inhibits VLDL assembly in bovine hepatocytes. Its molecular formula is C4H6O3Na with a molecular weight of 125.08 g/mol. All applications are limited to non-human research use.
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| Molecular Formula |
C4H5O3-.NA+
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
124.0705
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| Exact Mass |
124.014
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| CAS # |
623-58-5
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| Related CAS # |
541-50-4 (Parent)
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| PubChem CID |
23678750
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
237.7ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
111.8ºC
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
99.5
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
UAKCMIIOSJFOTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C4H6O3.Na/c1-3(5)2-4(6)7;/h2H2,1H3,(H,6,7);/q;+1/p-1
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| Chemical Name |
sodium;3-oxobutanoate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 8.0600 mL | 40.2998 mL | 80.5997 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.6120 mL | 8.0600 mL | 16.1199 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8060 mL | 4.0300 mL | 8.0600 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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