| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
HSV-1 54 μM (IC50) HIV-1 112 μM (IC50) influenza virus 88 μM (IC50) HCMV 104 μM (IC50) NLRP3 inflammasome
Soyasaponin II targets multiple viruses, including HSV-1, HCMV, influenza virus, and HIV-1, as well as the host proteins YB-1 (Y-box binding protein 1) and NLRP3 inflammasome. The compound's antiviral activity is thought to involve inhibition of viral replication, possibly through interference with viral entry, replication, or assembly. Soyasaponin II inhibits YB-1 phosphorylation, which may affect the regulation of gene expression and cellular stress responses. The compound also inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome priming, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β. Soyasaponin II may also affect membrane permeability and oxidative pathways, contributing to its antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. |
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| ln Vitro |
Soyasaponin II prevents HSV-1 (IC50=54μM), HCMV (104μM), the influenza virus (88μM), and HIV-1 (112μM) from replicating[1].
In vitro, soyasaponin II demonstrates potent antiviral activity against HSV-1, HCMV, influenza virus, and HIV-1. The compound inhibits HSV-1 replication with an IC50 of 54 μM, HCMV replication with an IC50 of 104 μM, and influenza virus replication with an IC50 of 88 μM. Soyasaponin II shows effective inhibition of HSV-1 replication, making it a potential candidate for the treatment of herpesvirus infections. The compound also inhibits YB-1 phosphorylation and NLRP3 inflammasome priming in cell-based assays, suggesting anti-inflammatory activity. In macrophages, soyasaponin II reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and may protect against LPS/GalN-induced acute liver failure. |
| ln Vivo |
Soyasaponin II (5 mg/kg; po; once daily for three days in a row) reduces the innate immune response associated with the classical NLRP3 inflammasome[2].
In vivo, soyasaponin II has been shown to protect mice against LPS/GalN-induced acute liver failure, demonstrating its potential as a hepatoprotective agent. The compound's ability to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome priming and reduce inflammatory responses may contribute to its protective effects. Soyasaponin II's antiviral activity in vivo has not been extensively characterized, but its broad-spectrum antiviral activity in vitro suggests potential for the treatment of viral infections. The compound's effects on the immune system and inflammation may also have therapeutic implications for inflammatory diseases. Further in vivo studies are needed to fully evaluate the efficacy and safety of soyasaponin II. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro antiviral assays for soyasaponin II are performed using virus-susceptible cell lines. For HSV-1, Vero cells are infected with HSV-1 and treated with serial dilutions of soyasaponin II. Viral replication is assessed by plaque reduction assay, where the number of plaques is counted and the EC50 is determined. For HCMV, human foreskin fibroblasts are infected with HCMV, and viral replication is assessed by measuring viral DNA by qPCR or by quantifying viral antigens. For influenza virus, MDCK cells are used, and viral replication is assessed by hemagglutination assay or plaque reduction. Cytotoxicity is assessed using MTT assays to determine the CC50 and selectivity index.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for soyasaponin II are performed using various cell lines to assess antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. For antiviral assays, cells are infected with the respective viruses and treated with soyasaponin II at concentrations ranging from 1 to 200 μM. Viral replication is assessed by plaque reduction, qPCR, or antigen detection. For anti-inflammatory assays, macrophages (e.g., RAW 264.7) or other immune cells are stimulated with LPS or other inflammatory stimuli in the presence or absence of soyasaponin II. Cytokine levels (e.g., IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6) are measured by ELISA. NLRP3 inflammasome activation is assessed by measuring caspase-1 activity and IL-1β secretion. YB-1 phosphorylation is assessed by Western blotting.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with soyasaponin II are conducted in mouse models of acute liver failure or viral infection. For hepatoprotective studies, mice are administered LPS/GalN to induce acute liver failure, and soyasaponin II is administered orally or intraperitoneally at doses ranging from 10 to 100 mg/kg. Liver injury is assessed by measuring serum ALT and AST levels, and by histopathological analysis of liver tissue. Survival is monitored. Inflammatory cytokine levels in serum and liver are measured by ELISA. For antiviral studies, mice infected with viruses could be treated with soyasaponin II, and viral load in tissues would be assessed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of soyasaponin II have not been extensively characterized. As a triterpenoid saponin, the compound has a high molecular weight and is likely to have poor oral bioavailability due to its large size and hydrophilic nature. Saponins are typically poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and may be metabolized by gut microbiota. Soyasaponin II's pharmacokinetics would depend on the route of administration. For research use, the compound is typically dissolved in DMSO and diluted in appropriate buffers. The compound's stability in biological fluids and its tissue distribution would need to be determined experimentally for specific applications.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Soyasaponin II is a natural product with limited toxicological data available. As a saponin, the compound may cause hemolysis due to its ability to interact with cell membranes. Saponins can also cause gastrointestinal irritation at high doses. No specific toxicological studies have been reported in the literature. As a research chemical, standard safety precautions should be followed when handling soyasaponin II. The compound is for research use only and not for human or veterinary applications. Further toxicological studies are needed to fully characterize the safety profile of soyasaponin II.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Soy saponin II is a triterpenoid saponin. It has been reported to exist in Astragalus membranaceus, soybean, and other organisms with relevant data.
Soyasaponin II is a triterpenoid saponin found in soybeans and other legumes. Saponins are a diverse group of glycosides with surfactant properties that have been studied for various biological activities, including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anticancer effects. Soyasaponin II's broad-spectrum antiviral activity against HSV-1, HCMV, influenza virus, and HIV-1 makes it a compound of interest for the development of new antiviral agents. The compound's ability to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome priming and protect against acute liver failure also suggests potential for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Soyasaponin II is available from chemical suppliers for research purposes. |
| Molecular Formula |
C47H76O17
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
913.10
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| Exact Mass |
912.508
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| CAS # |
55319-36-3
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| PubChem CID |
443614
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Melting Point |
212 - 215 °C
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| LogP |
1.343
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
10
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
17
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
8
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
64
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| Complexity |
1760
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
24
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| SMILES |
C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](CO[C@H]2O[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H]4CC[C@]5([C@H]([C@@]4(C)CO)CC[C@@]6([C@@H]5CC=C7[C@]6(CC[C@@]8([C@H]7CC(C[C@H]8O)(C)C)C)C)C)C)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O
|
| InChi Key |
IBZLICPLPYSFNZ-IVWMTKFPSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C47H76O17/c1-21-29(51)31(53)34(56)39(60-21)63-36-30(52)24(49)19-59-40(36)64-37-33(55)32(54)35(38(57)58)62-41(37)61-28-12-13-44(5)25(45(28,6)20-48)11-14-47(8)26(44)10-9-22-23-17-42(2,3)18-27(50)43(23,4)15-16-46(22,47)7/h9,21,23-37,39-41,48-56H,10-20H2,1-8H3,(H,57,58)/t21-,23-,24-,25+,26+,27+,28-,29-,30-,31+,32-,33-,34+,35-,36+,37+,39-,40-,41+,43+,44-,45+,46+,47+/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,9R,12aS,14aR,14bR)-9-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.0952 mL | 5.4759 mL | 10.9517 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2190 mL | 1.0952 mL | 2.1903 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1095 mL | 0.5476 mL | 1.0952 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
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