| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| Targets |
Pinocembrin chalcone activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key cellular energy sensor that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. By promoting AMPK phosphorylation, the compound enhances fatty acid oxidation, improves glucose tolerance, and reduces fat accumulation. Additionally, Pinocembrin chalcone inhibits tyrosinase activity, an enzyme involved in melanin biosynthesis, and exhibits antimicrobial activity against various pathogens including Candida albicans and antibiotic-susceptible Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It also shows antimutagenic effects.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Pinocembrin chalcone stimulates AMPK phosphorylation at concentrations as low as 1 μM within 2 hours in C2C12 myotubes. The compound inhibits tyrosinase activity and demonstrates antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 100 μg/mL. It also shows antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-susceptible Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains. These activities confirm its multi-target pharmacological profile with potential applications in metabolic, dermatological, and infectious disease research.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Pinocembrin chalcone demonstrates significant metabolic benefits in high-fat diet-induced (HFD) diabetic mice. Oral administration at 30 mg/kg daily for 3 weeks improves glucose tolerance, increases fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle, and reduces fat accumulation in the liver and skeletal muscles. These effects are primarily mediated through AMPK activation. The compound also shows potential for preventing gastric ulcers. These in vivo findings support the compound's potential for studying metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The AMPK activation assay is performed in C2C12 myotubes. Cells are serum-starved for 3-4 hours and then treated with Pinocembrin chalcone at various concentrations (e.g., 1-100 μM) for 2 hours. AMPK phosphorylation at Thr172 is measured by Western blot using phospho-specific antibodies, with total AMPK as a loading control. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity is assessed using a spectrophotometric assay with L-DOPA or tyrosine as substrate. Antimicrobial activity is evaluated by broth microdilution following CLSI guidelines.
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| Cell Assay |
For cellular studies, C2C12 myotubes are differentiated from C2C12 myoblasts in DMEM containing 2% horse serum for 5-7 days. Cells are treated with Pinocembrin chalcone at various concentrations, and AMPK phosphorylation is assessed by Western blot. For antimicrobial testing, C. albicans or other pathogens are cultured in appropriate media and incubated with serial dilutions of the compound, with MIC determined as the lowest concentration inhibiting visible growth. Cytotoxicity may be assessed in mammalian cell lines using standard viability assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo efficacy is evaluated in HFD-induced diabetic mice. Mice are fed a high-fat diet for 8-12 weeks to induce obesity and insulin resistance, then treated with Pinocembrin chalcone at 30 mg/kg via oral gavage daily for 3 weeks. Glucose tolerance tests are performed after compound administration, and blood glucose levels are measured at various time points. Tissues (liver, skeletal muscle, adipose) are harvested for triglyceride measurement, histology, and Western blot analysis of AMPK and downstream signaling proteins.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Specific pharmacokinetic data for Pinocembrin chalcone are not extensively reported. As a chalcone flavonoid with molecular weight 256.25 g/mol, the compound is expected to have reasonable oral absorption. Studies in HFD mice at 30 mg/kg oral gavage demonstrate efficacy, confirming systemic exposure following oral administration. However, detailed PK parameters such as half-life, Cmax, bioavailability, and tissue distribution would require formal pharmacokinetic studies. The compound should be formulated in suitable vehicles for in vivo administration.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Pinocembrin chalcone are limited. No significant toxicity has been reported in the HFD mouse studies at 30 mg/kg daily for 3 weeks. As a natural product from dietary sources, the compound is generally considered to have a favorable safety profile. However, comprehensive toxicology studies including acute, subchronic, and genotoxicity assessments have not been published. As with all research compounds, appropriate safety precautions should be taken during handling and use.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Pinocembrin chalcone is a trans-chalcone with hydroxyl groups substituted at the 2', 4', and 6' positions. It is a plant metabolite and antifungal agent, functionally related to trans-chalcone. Pinocembrin chalcone has been reported to exist in Populus yunnanensis, Populus chuanxiensis, and other organisms with relevant data.
Pinocembrin chalcone is a natural chalcone from Boesenbergia pandurata that activates AMPK (≥1 μM in C2C12 cells), inhibits tyrosinase, and shows antimicrobial activity. In HFD diabetic mice, it improves glucose tolerance and reduces fat accumulation at 30 mg/kg orally. It has potential applications in diabetes, obesity, and antimicrobial research. No clinical trials or approvals exist. For research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C15H12O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
256.2534
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| Exact Mass |
256.074
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| CAS # |
4197-97-1
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| PubChem CID |
6474295
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| Melting Point |
189.9℃
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| LogP |
2.699
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
19
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| Complexity |
321
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C1=CC=C(C=C1)/C=C/C(=O)C2=C(C=C(C=C2O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
LOYXTWZXLWHMBX-VOTSOKGWSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H12O4/c16-11-8-13(18)15(14(19)9-11)12(17)7-6-10-4-2-1-3-5-10/h1-9,16,18-19H/b7-6+
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| Chemical Name |
(E)-3-phenyl-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.9024 mL | 19.5122 mL | 39.0244 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7805 mL | 3.9024 mL | 7.8049 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3902 mL | 1.9512 mL | 3.9024 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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