| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The molecular targets of picroside IV include various enzymes and signaling pathways involved in inflammation and oxidative stress. Iridoid glycosides are known to inhibit NF-κB activation, reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and activate Nrf2-mediated antioxidant responses. Picroside IV may also modulate the activity of enzymes such as iNOS, COX-2, and various kinases. The specific binding partners and mechanisms of action require further elucidation.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies have demonstrated the biological activities of picroside IV and related compounds. These include antioxidant activity through scavenging of free radicals and upregulation of antioxidant enzymes. Anti-inflammatory activity has been shown through inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production and suppression of NF-κB activation. Hepatoprotective effects have been demonstrated in cell-based models of liver injury. Specific IC₅₀ values for picroside IV have been reported in the phytochemical literature.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies have shown the efficacy of picroside compounds in various animal models. Hepatoprotective effects have been demonstrated in models of liver injury induced by toxins such as carbon tetrachloride or paracetamol. Anti-inflammatory effects have been observed in models of acute and chronic inflammation. Picroside IV may also exhibit neuroprotective and cardioprotective activities. Specific in vivo data for picroside IV are available in the natural product literature.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For antioxidant assays, DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS, and FRAP assays are used. The compound is incubated with the radical-generating system, and absorbance is measured. For anti-inflammatory assays, macrophages or other cells are stimulated with LPS or other inflammatory stimuli, and cytokine production is measured by ELISA. NF-κB activation is assessed by reporter gene assays or Western blotting for phosphorylated IκBα and p65.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell-based studies, hepatocytes (e.g., HepG2 cells) are used for hepatoprotection studies. Cells are treated with picroside IV and then exposed to a hepatotoxic agent such as CCl₄ or H₂O₂. Cell viability is assessed using MTT assays. Markers of oxidative stress and inflammation are measured. For anti-inflammatory studies, macrophages are stimulated with LPS, and cytokine levels are measured in the culture supernatant.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal studies, mouse or rat models are used. For hepatoprotection, animals are treated with picroside IV and then challenged with CCl₄ or paracetamol. Liver enzymes (ALT, AST) are measured in serum, and liver histology is examined. For anti-inflammatory studies, carrageenan-induced paw edema or other models are used. The compound is administered via oral or intraperitoneal routes. Standard protocols for these models are described in the literature.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of picroside IV have not been extensively characterized. As an iridoid glycoside, it is relatively polar and may have limited oral bioavailability. The glycoside moiety may be hydrolyzed by intestinal enzymes. Specific PK parameters such as half-life, clearance, and bioavailability have not been reported. Further pharmacokinetic studies are needed to understand the compound's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for picroside IV are limited. As a natural product from a traditionally used medicinal plant, it is expected to have a favorable safety profile. However, systematic toxicological studies including acute toxicity, genotoxicity, and repeated-dose toxicity have not been published. Standard safety assessments would be needed for therapeutic development.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
It was isolated from *Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora*, a plant in the Ranunculaceae family; its structure is described in the first source.
Picroside IV is a research compound used in studies of iridoid glycosides and their pharmacological activities. Picroside-containing plants, particularly Picrorhiza kurroa, are used in traditional medicine for liver disorders. No clinical trials have been reported specifically for picroside IV. The compound serves as a research tool for studying hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant mechanisms and as a reference standard for natural product analysis. |
| Molecular Formula |
C24H28O12
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
508.471928596497
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| Exact Mass |
508.158
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| CAS # |
211567-04-3
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| PubChem CID |
23928135
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
-1.5
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
12
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
8
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| Heavy Atom Count |
36
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| Complexity |
856
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
11
|
| SMILES |
O1[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]3C=CO[C@H]([C@@H]3[C@@]12CO)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](COC(/C=C/C2C=CC(=CC=2)O)=O)O1)O)O)O)O
|
| InChi Key |
AKYYFSOMEOHPPO-LQQBYVAQSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C24H28O12/c25-10-24-16-13(17(28)21(24)36-24)7-8-32-22(16)35-23-20(31)19(30)18(29)14(34-23)9-33-15(27)6-3-11-1-4-12(26)5-2-11/h1-8,13-14,16-23,25-26,28-31H,9-10H2/b6-3+/t13-,14-,16-,17+,18-,19+,20-,21+,22+,23+,24-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(1S,2S,4S,5S,6R,10S)-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,9-dioxatricyclo[4.4.0.02,4]dec-7-en-10-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.9667 mL | 9.8334 mL | 19.6668 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3933 mL | 1.9667 mL | 3.9334 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1967 mL | 0.9833 mL | 1.9667 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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