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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Palmitic acid-13C16 itself does not have a traditional biological target; it is a stable isotope-labeled tracer. The parent compound palmitic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid that is a major component of cellular lipids and is involved in fatty acid oxidation and synthesis. Palmitic acid-13C16 serves as a reference standard for isotopic tracing and quantification studies, providing insights into fatty acid metabolism and lipid biochemistry.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
Palmitic acid-13C16 does not exhibit direct in vitro biological activity as it is an isotopically labeled tracer. However, the parent compound palmitic acid is a common saturated fatty acid found in animals and plants. In cell culture studies, palmitic acid-13C16 is used to trace fatty acid metabolic pathways, including beta-oxidation, lipogenesis, and lipid signaling, by monitoring the incorporation of ¹³C into downstream metabolites using mass spectrometry. |
| ln Vivo |
Palmitic acid-13C16 is not administered as a therapeutic agent; it is used as a metabolic tracer in in vivo studies. When administered to animal models, it allows researchers to track fatty acid metabolism, including absorption, distribution, oxidation, and incorporation into complex lipids. The labeled compound is used to study lipid metabolism in health and disease, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for palmitic acid-13C16 are not applicable, as it is a metabolic tracer rather than a bioactive compound. Quality control assays involve HPLC or mass spectrometry to verify isotopic purity (≥99 atom % ¹³C) and chemical purity (≥99%). The compound is also tested for solubility and stability under recommended storage conditions. It is soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform and methanol.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for palmitic acid-13C16 involve metabolic tracing studies rather than traditional bioactivity assays. Cells are cultured in media containing palmitic acid-13C16, and the incorporation of ¹³C into fatty acid metabolites and complex lipids is measured by LC-MS or GC-MS. These studies allow researchers to quantify fatty acid flux through beta-oxidation, lipogenesis, and other pathways. The compound is used to study lipid metabolism in various cell types, including hepatocytes, adipocytes, and cardiomyocytes.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for palmitic acid-13C16 involve metabolic tracing experiments. Animals are administered the labeled fatty acid via oral, intravenous, or intraperitoneal routes. Blood, tissues, and excreta are collected at various time points, and the ¹³C enrichment in fatty acid metabolites is measured by mass spectrometry. These studies provide insights into whole-body fatty acid metabolism, including lipid oxidation, storage, and turnover. They are used in metabolic disease and nutritional research.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Palmitic acid-13C16 has a molecular formula of (¹³C)₁₆H₃₂O₂ and a molecular weight of 272.31. The compound appears as a white solid with a purity of ≥99% and an isotopic enrichment of ≥99 atom % ¹³C. It is soluble in organic solvents and is stable under recommended storage conditions. The compound is intended for research use only and is not for human consumption.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of palmitic acid-13C16 is not extensively characterized, as it is a stable isotope-labeled tracer rather than a therapeutic agent. The parent compound palmitic acid is a common dietary fatty acid that is generally recognized as safe in moderate amounts. Standard safety data for handling isotopically labeled compounds in laboratory settings would apply. Palmitic acid-13C16 is intended for research use only and is not approved for clinical use.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Palmitic acid-13C16 (CAS 56599-85-0) is a labeled analog of palmitic acid, where all the carbons are enriched with the stable isotope carbon-13. It has a molecular formula of (¹³C)₁₆H₃₂O₂ and a molecular weight of 272.31. Palmitic acid is a common saturated fatty acid found in various natural sources. This labeled compound is utilized to understand lipid metabolism and the biochemical pathways involving fatty acids in organisms. It is intended for research use only and is not approved for clinical use.
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| Molecular Formula |
13C16H32O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
272.31
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| Exact Mass |
272.294
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| CAS # |
56599-85-0
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| Related CAS # |
Palmitic acid;57-10-3;Palmitic acid sodium;408-35-5
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| PubChem CID |
16217538
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
0.904 g/mL at 25ºC
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| Boiling Point |
271.5ºC/100 mmHg(lit.)
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| Melting Point |
61-64ºC
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| Flash Point |
206℃
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| LogP |
5.552
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
14
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| Heavy Atom Count |
18
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| Complexity |
178
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[13CH3][13CH2][13CH2][13CH2][13CH2][13CH2][13CH2][13CH2][13CH2][13CH2][13CH2][13CH2][13CH2][13CH2][13CH2][13C](=O)O
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| InChi Key |
IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-BZDICNBSSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C16H32O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16(17)18/h2-15H2,1H3,(H,17,18)/i1+1,2+1,3+1,4+1,5+1,6+1,7+1,8+1,9+1,10+1,11+1,12+1,13+1,14+1,15+1,16+1
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| Chemical Name |
(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16-13C16)hexadecanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (367.23 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.18 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween-80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL of PEG300 and mix well; then add 50 μL of Tween-80 and mix well; finally add 450 μL of physiological saline and adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.18 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL of corn oil and mix well. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.6723 mL | 18.3614 mL | 36.7229 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7345 mL | 3.6723 mL | 7.3446 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3672 mL | 1.8361 mL | 3.6723 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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