| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Human Endogenous Metabolite
Orotic acid zinc functions as a precursor in pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. The orotic acid component is released from mitochondrial dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and converted to UMP by UMP synthase in the cytoplasm. As a zinc salt, the compound provides zinc ions that may have additional biological effects. Orotic acid zinc is classified as a nucleoside antimetabolite/analog and an endogenous metabolite. Its role in pyrimidine synthesis makes it relevant for studying nucleotide metabolism and related disorders. The compound's ability to induce hepatic steatosis and hepatomegaly in rats indicates effects on lipid metabolism and liver function. |
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| ln Vitro |
For utilization in the pyrimidine salvage pathway, orotic acid—found in milk and dairy products—is converted to uridine primarily in the liver, kidney, and erythrocytes[2].
In vitro, orotic acid zinc has been studied for its role in pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. The compound serves as a precursor for UMP synthesis through the action of UMP synthase. Its effects on cellular metabolism depend on the availability of the orotic acid and zinc components. The compound's ability to induce hepatic steatosis has been studied in cell culture models of lipid metabolism. Orotic acid zinc is used as a marker in newborn screening for urea cycle disorders, reflecting its role in metabolic pathways. Its activity as a nucleoside antimetabolite/analog suggests potential effects on nucleotide synthesis and cell proliferation. Detailed in vitro studies are described in the metabolic and nutritional literature. |
| ln Vivo |
Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) is one of the urea cycle diseases (UCDs) that can be measured with orotic acid[2]. Orotic acid (1.0% addition to the diet; po for 3–10 d) reduces the purine/pyrimidine ratio of hepatic acid-soluble nucleotides by day 3 and causes fatty liver growth by day 7[3].
In vivo, orotic acid zinc has been shown to induce hepatic steatosis and hepatomegaly in rats. This effect is related to its role in pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism and its effects on lipid metabolism. The compound is measured in routine newborn screening for urea cycle abnormalities, as elevated orotic acid levels indicate certain metabolic disorders. Orotic acid zinc's effects on liver function and lipid metabolism make it relevant for studying metabolic diseases and nutritional interventions. The compound's zinc component may contribute to additional biological effects related to zinc nutrition. Detailed in vivo studies are described in the nutritional and metabolic literature. |
| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro biochemical assays, orotic acid zinc is evaluated for its role in pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. Enzyme assays can be performed to measure DHODH and UMP synthase activities using orotic acid as substrate. Orotic acid levels can be measured using colorimetric, enzymatic, or chromatographic methods. Zinc content can be measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cell culture studies can assess the effects of orotic acid zinc on nucleotide synthesis, cell proliferation, and lipid metabolism. These assays help characterize the compound's biochemical properties and metabolic functions.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for orotic acid zinc are performed using various cell types including hepatocytes and other metabolically active cells. Cells are cultured in standard media and treated with orotic acid zinc at various concentrations. Nucleotide levels are measured using HPLC or LC-MS. Cell proliferation is assessed using MTT or BrdU incorporation assays. Lipid accumulation is evaluated using oil red O staining or triglyceride quantification. Gene expression of enzymes involved in pyrimidine synthesis and lipid metabolism is analyzed by qPCR. Cytotoxicity is assessed using LDH release or trypan blue exclusion. These cellular assays help validate the compound's effects on nucleotide and lipid metabolism.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with orotic acid zinc are conducted primarily in rats to study its effects on liver function and metabolism. Rats are fed diets supplemented with orotic acid or orotic acid zinc at various concentrations for several weeks. Body weight, food intake, and liver weight are monitored. Liver tissues are harvested for histological examination to assess steatosis and hepatomegaly. Blood samples are collected for measurement of liver enzymes, lipids, and orotic acid levels. Hepatic lipid content is measured by extraction and quantification. Gene expression of enzymes involved in pyrimidine synthesis and lipid metabolism is analyzed. These studies help characterize the compound's metabolic effects and mechanisms of action.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of orotic acid zinc are related to its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion as both orotic acid and zinc. Orotic acid is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed to tissues where it is metabolized to UMP in the pyrimidine synthesis pathway. Zinc is absorbed and distributed according to zinc homeostasis mechanisms. Orotic acid is excreted primarily in urine, and elevated levels are used as a marker for metabolic disorders. The zinc component is excreted primarily in feces. Detailed PK parameters such as half-life, Cmax, Tmax, and AUC are not extensively documented for orotic acid zinc specifically. Researchers should consult the nutritional and metabolic literature for available data.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of orotic acid zinc is related to its effects on liver function. High doses of orotic acid can induce hepatic steatosis and hepatomegaly in rats, indicating potential hepatotoxicity at elevated levels. The compound's role as a precursor in pyrimidine synthesis means that its toxicity may be related to metabolic imbalances. However, orotic acid is a naturally occurring compound and is generally considered safe at normal physiological levels. Zinc toxicity is also dose-dependent and may occur at high doses. The compound is intended for research use only and not for human therapeutic applications without appropriate safety evaluation. Researchers should follow standard laboratory safety practices when handling orotic acid zinc.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
An intermediate product in pyrimidine synthesis, it plays a role in the chemical conversion between dihydrofolate and tetrahydrofolate.
Orotic acid zinc is a valuable research tool for studying pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis, urea cycle disorders, and zinc nutrition. Its role as a precursor in pyrimidine synthesis makes it useful for investigating nucleotide metabolism and related metabolic disorders. The compound is used as a marker in newborn screening for urea cycle abnormalities, making it relevant for diagnostic research. Its ability to induce hepatic steatosis and hepatomegaly in rats provides a model for studying fatty liver disease and lipid metabolism. The zinc component makes it useful for studying zinc nutrition and metabolism. Orotic acid zinc can be employed to study the interactions between nucleotide metabolism, lipid metabolism, and mineral nutrition. |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H4N2O4ZN0.5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
188.79
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| Exact Mass |
373.948
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| CAS # |
68399-76-8
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| Related CAS # |
Orotic acid;65-86-1;Orotic acid potassium;24598-73-0
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| PubChem CID |
108934
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
23
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| Complexity |
262
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
LUALAXHLCYKCNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/2C5H4N2O4.Zn/c2*8-3-1-2(4(9)10)6-5(11)7-3;/h2*1H,(H,9,10)(H2,6,7,8,11);
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| Chemical Name |
2,4-dioxo-1H-pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid;zinc
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.2969 mL | 26.4845 mL | 52.9689 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0594 mL | 5.2969 mL | 10.5938 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5297 mL | 2.6484 mL | 5.2969 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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