Human Endogenous Metabolite
Not applicable. Octacosane is a simple saturated hydrocarbon with no known pharmacological targets or biological receptor interactions. It is used primarily as an analytical standard and in material science applications rather than as a bioactive compound.

Octocadecane (12.5-100 μg/ml; 18 hours) exhibits high cytotoxic action against B16F10-Nex2 cells, with an IC50 value of 41.08 μg/ml[1].
Not applicable. Octacosane does not exhibit significant biological activity in standard pharmacological assays. It is a chemically inert hydrocarbon and is not used in cell-based or enzyme-based biological activity studies. Its primary applications are in analytical chemistry, materials science, and as a reference compound.

Octocadecane (500 μg; daily injection at peripheral sites related to blast cell transplantation; 35 days) exhibits strong anticancer effects and considerably slows the growth of tumors [1].
Not applicable. Octacosane has no therapeutic applications and is not used in animal models for pharmacological evaluation. Its primary applications are in the physical sciences, including as a standard for gas chromatography, in the study of hydrocarbon phase transitions, and as a component in wax and lubricant formulations.

Octacosane is used as an analytical standard in gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For GC analysis, it is dissolved in an appropriate organic solvent (e.g., hexane or chloroform) and injected onto a non-polar or slightly polar column with flame ionization detection (FID). It serves as a retention time reference for other long-chain alkanes.

Cell Cytotoxicity Assay[1]
Cell Types: B16F10-Nex2 cells
Tested Concentrations: 12.5, 25, 50, 100 μg/ml
Incubation Duration: 18 h
Experimental Results: Displayed strong cytotoxic activity on B16F10-Nex2 cells, with an IC50 value of 41.08 μg/ml
Octacosane is not used in cell-based assays due to its lack of biological activity and poor water solubility. It is not a pharmacological tool compound. Cell-based studies are not applicable for this compound.

Animal/Disease Models: C57Bl/6 mice with B16F10-Nex2 Cellsl[1]
Doses: 500 μg
Route of Administration: Injected at peripheral sites in relation to the original cell grafting; daily; 35 days
Experimental Results: Resulted in a significant delay of tumor progression with a significant antitumor effect. The survival rate of treated groups was Dramatically increased.
Octacosane is not used in animal experiments for pharmacological evaluation. It has no therapeutic applications. Any in vivo studies would be limited to toxicological or environmental assessments rather than efficacy studies.

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Samples were collected from the liver, heart, kidneys, muscle, and adipose tissue (perirhinal and subcutaneous) of six cattle for hydrocarbon composition analysis. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Despite varying proportions, a series of homologous n-alkanes with carbon chain lengths ranging from n-C12 to n-C31 were found in all samples. Additionally, isoprene hydrocarbons phytane and phyene (phytane-1 and phyene-2) were identified. (These findings are relevant to human health from consuming hydrocarbon-contaminated meat.) /n-Alkanes/ Arthrobacter nana KCC B35, isolated from blue-green cushions covered with oil deposits along the Arabian Gulf coast, was able to grow well using C10 to C40 n-alkanes as its sole carbon and energy source. Growth on C20 to C40 alkanes was even superior to growth on C10 to C18 alkanes. After culturing biomass samples with either n-octacosane (C28) or n-nonacosane (C29) for 6 hours, these compounds became the major alkanes comprising the cellular hydrocarbon component. Even-chain hexadecane (C16) and odd-chain pentadecane (C15) were the second most abundant alkanes in C28 and C29 cultured cells, respectively. Compared to control cells not incubated with hydrocarbon compounds, cells incubated with n-hexadecane accumulated a higher proportion of C16 fatty acids in their lipids. On the other hand, no fatty acids with the same chain length were detected in cells incubated with C28 and C29, but the fatty acid profiles of the cellular lipids suggested that these ultra-long-chain alkanes may have undergone medium-chain oxidation. This activity makes Tobacco Monotyphimurium KCC B35 suitable for use in formulations for the bioremediation of heavy oil deposit contamination.
Octacosane has molecular formula C28H58 and molecular weight 394.76-394.8 g/mol. It is a white crystalline solid or powder with melting point 57-64°C and boiling point 278°C at 15 mmHg (440°C at atmospheric pressure). It is soluble in organic solvents (ether, benzene, chloroform, petroleum ether) but insoluble in water. Vapor pressure is <1 mmHg at 20°C. Octacosane is not orally bioavailable and has no pharmaceutical applications.

Toxicity Summary
Identification and Uses: Octacoane is a higher n-alkane containing 28 carbon atoms (C28). Human Exposure and Toxicity: No data are currently available. Animal Studies: A series of homologues of n-alkane, ranging in carbon chain length from n-C12 to n-C31, were found in all samples from bovine liver, heart, kidney, muscle, and adipose tissue.
Octacosane has low acute toxicity due to its chemical inertness. It is not classified as a hazardous substance under most regulatory systems. It may cause skin or eye irritation upon contact. Inhalation of dust or vapors should be avoided. The compound is combustible and should be stored away from ignition sources. No specific toxicological concerns are associated with this compound as it is not biologically active.

[1]. Pyrostegia venusta heptane extract containing saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons induces apoptosis on B16F10-Nex2 melanoma cells and displays antitumor activity in vivo. Pharmacogn Mag. 2014 Apr;10(Suppl 2):S363-76.

[2]. Mosquitocidal activities of octacosane from Moschosma polystachyum Linn (lamiaceae). J Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Jan;90(1):87-9.

[3]. Effective targeting of breast cancer cells (MCF7) via novel biogenic synthesis of gold nanoparticles using cancer-derived metabolites. PLoS One. 2020 Oct 6;15(10):e0240156.

waxy hydrocarbon, insoluble in water. Octacosandecane is a straight-chain alkane containing 28 carbon atoms. It is a plant metabolite. Octacosandecane has been reported to exist in Vanilla madagascariensis, Andrachne rotundifolia, and other organisms with relevant data. See also: Moringa leaf oil (partial).
Octacosane (n-Octacosane, NSC 5549) is a straight-chain alkane with 28 carbon atoms. It is used primarily as an analytical standard in chromatography, as a component in waxes and lubricants, and as a model compound for studying hydrocarbon phase transitions. It has no pharmacological activity and is not a drug. The compound is for research use only, not for human consumption. CAS number: 630-02-4.

C28H58

394.76

394.454

630-02-4

Octacosane-d58;16416-33-4

12408

White to off-white solid powder

278 °C15 mm Hg(lit.)

57-62 °C(lit.)

227 °C

<1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

1.4330 (70ºC)

11.168

0

0

25

28

218

0

ZYURHZPYMFLWSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C28H58/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-19-21-23-25-27-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h3-28H2,1-2H3

octacosane

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

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Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders

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Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)