| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Microbial Metabolite
Muramic acid is a component of the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria and serves as a marker for these organisms. It is a key constituent of peptidoglycan, the structural polymer that provides rigidity to bacterial cell walls. The compound is used as a target for antibiotic development, as inhibition of muramic acid synthesis or incorporation can disrupt cell wall integrity. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Muramic acid is used in vitro as a marker for Gram-positive bacteria in various assays. It is employed in studies examining the association of microbial content with immune responses. The compound's role in peptidoglycan synthesis makes it a target for antibiotic development. It is used in analytical chemistry for detecting bacterial contamination.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity of muramic acid is not directly evaluated, as it is a structural component rather than a therapeutic agent. However, its presence in bacterial cell walls makes it a target for antibiotic development. Antibiotics that inhibit muramic acid synthesis or incorporation can be evaluated in vivo for their efficacy against Gram-positive infections.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for muramic acid involve measuring its incorporation into peptidoglycan or its inhibition by antibiotics. The compound can be used as a substrate or marker in assays for enzymes involved in peptidoglycan synthesis, such as Mur enzymes. These assays help identify and characterize antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for muramic acid are not typically performed, as it is a structural component rather than a pharmacologically active compound. However, bacterial cells can be cultured and muramic acid content measured as a marker of Gram-positive bacterial growth. Antibiotic efficacy can be assessed by measuring muramic acid release or inhibition of its incorporation.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for muramic acid involve measuring its levels as a biomarker of bacterial infection or contamination. The compound can be used to monitor the presence of Gram-positive bacteria in tissues or environmental samples. Antibiotics targeting cell wall synthesis can be evaluated by measuring muramic acid levels in infected animals.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for muramic acid are not relevant, as it is a structural component rather than a therapeutic agent. Its detection in biological samples is used for diagnostic purposes. The compound's stability and extractability from bacterial cell walls are important considerations for its use as a marker.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for muramic acid are not relevant, as it is a natural component of bacterial cell walls rather than a therapeutic or industrial chemical. The compound is not intended for human therapeutic use. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
2-Amino-3-O-[(R)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose is the pyranose form of muramic acid. It is functionally related to 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose. Muramic acid has been reported in Synechococcus elongatus, and relevant data are available. Muramic acid is a compound composed of glucosamine and lactic acid linked by an ether bond. It is naturally found in peptidoglycans (characteristic polysaccharides constituting bacterial cell walls) as N-acetyl derivatives. (From Dorland, 28th edition)
Muramic acid (CAS#: 1114-41-6) is a component of Gram-positive bacterial cell walls and serves as a marker for these bacteria. Its molecular formula is C9H17NO7 with a molecular weight of 251.23. The compound is used as a chemical marker for bacterial contamination and in antibiotic development targeting cell wall synthesis. |
| Molecular Formula |
C9H17NO7
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
251.23
|
| Exact Mass |
251.101
|
| CAS # |
1114-41-6
|
| PubChem CID |
441038
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.51 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
572.4ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
140-150 °C (dec.)
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| Flash Point |
300ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
1.75E-15mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.575
|
| LogP |
-4.6
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
17
|
| Complexity |
274
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
|
| SMILES |
C[C@H](C(=O)O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H](OC([C@@H]1N)O)CO)O
|
| InChi Key |
MSFSPUZXLOGKHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H17NO7/c1-3(8(13)14)16-7-5(10)9(15)17-4(2-11)6(7)12/h3-7,9,11-12,15H,2,10H2,1H3,(H,13,14)
|
| Chemical Name |
2-[3-amino-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxypropanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.9804 mL | 19.9021 mL | 39.8042 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7961 mL | 3.9804 mL | 7.9608 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3980 mL | 1.9902 mL | 3.9804 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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