| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Targets |
Lactoferrin targets multiple cellular processes and receptors. It binds iron with very high affinity, sequestering iron and limiting its availability to microorganisms. Lactoferrin binds tightly to viral envelope proteins, preventing cell-virus fusion by blocking the binding domain. It exhibits strong inhibitory activities against several receptors and transport mechanisms. Lactoferrin modulates host immune responses, enabling study of entry inhibition and innate antiviral mechanisms. Its anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activities are mediated through interactions with cell surface receptors and modulation of signaling pathways. The protein's ability to bind two ferric ions per molecule contributes to its iron-binding and antimicrobial functions.
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| ln Vitro |
Lactoferrin (0-1 000 μg/mL, 7 days) suppresses the proliferation of helical cells (HaCaT) in a dose-dependent way [1]. HaCaT cell colonies are inhibited in their development and spread by lactoferrin (500 μg/mL, 12 days) [1]. 50% less HSV-1 infection occurs in Vero cells when lactoferrin (human or bovine lactoferrin, 1.41 μM and 0.12 μM) is added [4].
In vitro, lactoferrin has demonstrated multiple biological activities. It prevents cell adhesion, growth, and spread of cell colonies. Lactoferrin exhibits antiviral activity by inhibiting microbial and viral adhesion and entry into host cells. The protein has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activities. Lactoferrin can be used as an FBS replacement in cell culture and has cryoprotective properties. It stimulates cell growth and inhibits cell death in certain situations. In cosmetic applications, lactoferrin is used for its skin benefits. The protein's ability to bind iron contributes to its antimicrobial effects by limiting iron availability to pathogens. |
| ln Vivo |
In immunocompromised nu/nu mice, lactoferrin (recombinant human lactoferrin) (1,000 mg/kg, orally delivered twice daily for 8 days) suppresses 80% of T-cell squamous cell carcinoma (O12) tumor growth[5]. On a rat model of acute lung injury brought on by sepsis, lactoferrin (bovine lactoferrin) administered orally at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg for 30 days had a preventive benefit [6].
In vivo, lactoferrin has been studied for its immunomodulatory and antimicrobial effects. As an orally active glycoprotein, it can be administered orally and exerts systemic effects. Lactoferrin exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities, modulating immune responses and reducing inflammation. Its antiviral activity has been demonstrated in animal models of viral infection. Lactoferrin also has anticancer activities, with studies showing effects on tumor growth and metastasis. The protein is used as an ingredient in foods and beverages for its antimicrobial activity. Its ability to modulate host defense mechanisms makes it relevant for studying innate immunity and developing therapeutic strategies. |
| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro biochemical assays, lactoferrin is evaluated for its iron-binding capacity using colorimetric or spectroscopic methods. Iron saturation is measured by absorbance at 280 nm and 465 nm. Antimicrobial activity is assessed using broth microdilution or agar diffusion methods against various bacteria and fungi. Antiviral activity is evaluated using plaque reduction assays or viral titer reduction assays. Protein concentration is measured using Bradford or BCA assays. Purity is assessed by SDS-PAGE. Binding studies can be performed to assess interactions with viral envelope proteins or cell surface receptors. These cell-free assays help characterize lactoferrin's biochemical properties and antimicrobial mechanisms.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for lactoferrin are performed using various cell types including immune cells, epithelial cells, and cancer cells. Cells are cultured in standard media and treated with lactoferrin at various concentrations. Cell adhesion and spreading are assessed using microscopy and image analysis. Antiviral activity is tested using virus-infected cell cultures. Anti-inflammatory activity is assessed by measuring cytokine production in response to inflammatory stimuli. Immunomodulatory effects are evaluated by assessing immune cell activation, proliferation, and function. Anticancer activity is assessed using cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis assays. Cell culture applications include using lactoferrin as a serum replacement or supplement.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Squamous cell carcinoma model (O12 cell injected into the left flank of nu/numice)[5]
Doses: 1,000 mg/kg Route of Administration: po (oral gavage) , twice (two times) daily for 8 days Experimental Results: Inhibited the tumor growth by 80%. Animal/Disease Models: Sepsis-induced acute lung injury rat model[6] Doses: 100 and 200 mg/kg Route of Administration: po (oral gavage),for 30 days Experimental Results: diminished the wet/dry ratio of lung tissue by 30.7% and 61.3%, and lipid peroxidation by 22.3% and 67%, at concentrations of 100 and 200mg/kg. diminished Inflammatory markers, neutrophils, lymphocytes and total cell count. diminished MPO activity. In vivo animal experiments with lactoferrin are conducted to study its immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. Rodent models of infection, inflammation, and cancer are commonly used. Lactoferrin is administered orally, intraperitoneally, or intravenously at doses determined from pharmacokinetic and tolerability studies. Efficacy endpoints include pathogen load reduction, inflammation reduction, tumor growth inhibition, and survival. Immune cell populations and cytokine levels are measured in blood and tissues. Histopathological analysis is performed to assess tissue damage and treatment effects. The protein's safety and tolerability are monitored through body weight, clinical signs, and clinical chemistry. Detailed protocols are described in the primary literature. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of lactoferrin have been characterized in various studies. As a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 80 kDa, lactoferrin is partially resistant to proteolytic degradation in the gastrointestinal tract, allowing some oral bioavailability. The protein is absorbed through the intestinal epithelium via receptor-mediated transport. It has a half-life of several hours in circulation. Tissue distribution includes liver, spleen, and other organs. The protein is metabolized and eliminated primarily through renal and hepatic routes. Its high iron-binding affinity affects its stability and function in biological fluids. Formulation considerations include maintaining protein integrity and preventing aggregation.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of lactoferrin is generally favorable, as it is a naturally occurring protein found in milk and other secretions. It has a long history of safe use as a food ingredient and dietary supplement. Lactoferrin is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for its intended uses. However, comprehensive toxicity studies including acute, subchronic, and chronic toxicity assessments have been conducted to support its safety. Allergic reactions to lactoferrin are rare but possible in individuals with milk protein allergies. The protein is well-tolerated at recommended doses. Researchers should follow standard laboratory safety practices when handling lactoferrin, and clinical applications require appropriate regulatory approval.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Lactoferrin is a versatile protein with diverse applications in research, nutrition, and medicine. Its multifunctional activities including iron binding, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anticancer effects make it a valuable tool for studying innate immunity, host defense, and iron metabolism. Lactoferrin is used in cell culture applications as a serum replacement and growth supplement. In food science, it is used as an antimicrobial preservative and functional ingredient. In clinical research, lactoferrin is studied for its potential in infection control, cancer therapy, and immune modulation. Its natural origin and favorable safety profile make it attractive for developing therapeutic and nutritional interventions.
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| CAS # |
936541-36-5
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| Appearance |
Off-white to pink solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ≥ 50 mg/mL
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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