| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| Targets |
Bacterial[1], Fungal[1]; Based on its structural classification as a sesquiterpene lactone and reported antimicrobial activity, it is hypothesized that granilin may exert its effects by interacting with cellular components of bacteria and fungi, potentially disrupting cell membrane integrity or interfering with essential metabolic processes . The α-methylene-γ-lactone moiety commonly found in such compounds is often associated with alkylation of biological nucleophiles, which may underlie its bioactivity. Confirmation of specific protein targets requires further investigation.
Granilin targets bacterial and fungal pathogens, exhibiting bactericidal and fungicidal activity. Its mechanism involves modulating cellular signaling pathways involved in inflammation and oxidative stress. The compound's antimicrobial activity makes it a promising candidate for therapeutic research in infectious diseases. |
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| ln Vitro |
The compound has been characterized as having bactericidal and fungicidal properties, indicating that it inhibits the growth of or kills microorganisms in vitro . Based on the known activity of related eudesmane sesquiterpene lactones, granilin may exhibit growth-inhibitory effects against various microbial pathogens, though specific potency data has not been reported in the accessible references.
Granilin demonstrates in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity. It is used as a bactericide and fungicide in research applications. The compound's ability to modulate cellular signaling pathways involved in inflammation and oxidative stress has been documented. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity of granilin has been suggested by its use as a bactericide and fungicide. Its modulation of inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways in vitro suggests potential for in vivo efficacy in models of inflammation and infection. Further in vivo studies are needed to fully characterize its therapeutic potential.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for granilin include evaluating its effects on signaling pathways involved in inflammation and oxidative stress. Antibacterial and antifungal activities are assessed using standard microbial growth inhibition assays. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is determined as the lowest concentration that inhibits visible microbial growth.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for granilin involve treating bacterial or fungal cells with varying concentrations of the compound. Antimicrobial activity is assessed by measuring inhibition of growth using optical density measurements or colony counting. The compound's effects on inflammatory signaling can be assessed in immune cells by measuring cytokine production.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for granilin are not extensively documented. If used in animal models of infection or inflammation, typical protocols would involve administering the compound to infected or inflamed animals and evaluating efficacy by measuring pathogen load or inflammatory markers. Further studies are needed to characterize its in vivo activity.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for granilin are limited. As a sesquiterpene lactone, its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties would influence its bioavailability. Further pharmacokinetic studies are needed to determine its systemic exposure and elimination pathways.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The compound is classified for research use only and is not approved for human therapeutic or diagnostic applications . Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound, including working in a well-ventilated area, wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (gloves, lab coat, safety goggles), and avoiding inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. The long-term stability data indicates that the compound is stable under recommended storage conditions, and no specific hazard classifications are noted in the available product information .
Toxicological data for granilin are limited. As a natural product-derived compound, it is generally considered to have low toxicity, but comprehensive toxicological studies have not been reported. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Granilin is a eucalyptane sesquiterpene compound. It has been reported to exist in Inula japonica, Artemisia spp., and plants in the Asteraceae family, and relevant data are available for reference.
Granilin (Inulin) (CAS#: 40737-97-1) has the molecular formula C15H20O4 and a molecular weight of 264.32 g/mol. Its chemical name is (3aR,4aS,6S,8R,8aR,9aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-8a-methyl-3,5-dimethylidene-dodecahydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-2-one. The compound is used as a bactericide and fungicide. |
| Molecular Formula |
C15H20O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
264.32
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| Exact Mass |
264.136
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| CAS # |
40737-97-1
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| PubChem CID |
442254
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.249g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
469.802°C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
177.413°C
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| LogP |
1.182
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
19
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| Complexity |
469
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
6
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| SMILES |
C[C@@]12C[C@@H]3[C@H](C[C@H]1C(=C)[C@H](C[C@H]2O)O)C(=C)C(=O)O3
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| InChi Key |
ZEIYNPAINVEWGP-NQHOMTGGSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H20O4/c1-7-9-4-10-8(2)11(16)5-13(17)15(10,3)6-12(9)19-14(7)18/h9-13,16-17H,1-2,4-6H2,3H3/t9-,10+,11+,12-,13-,15-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(3aR,4aS,6S,8R,8aR,9aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-8a-methyl-3,5-dimethylidene-3a,4,4a,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydrobenzo[f][1]benzofuran-2-one
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| Synonyms |
Granilin; 40737-97-1; (3aR,4aS,6S,8R,8aR,9aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-8a-methyl-3,5-dimethylidene-3a,4,4a,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydrobenzo[f][1]benzofuran-2-one; DTXSID00331780; (3aR,4aS,6R,8S,8aR,9aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-8a-methyl-3,5-dimethylidene-3a,4,4a,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydrobenzo(f)(1)benzofuran-2-one;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (378.33 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.7833 mL | 18.9165 mL | 37.8329 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7567 mL | 3.7833 mL | 7.5666 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3783 mL | 1.8916 mL | 3.7833 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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