| Size | Price | |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Non-cleavable Linker
Docosanedioic acid functions as a linker molecule rather than targeting a specific biological receptor or enzyme. In the context of ADCs, it is a non-cleavable linker used to covalently attach a cytotoxic payload to an antibody. In PROTAC technology, it serves as an alkyl chain-based linker connecting a ligand for an E3 ubiquitin ligase to a ligand for a target protein, facilitating targeted protein degradation. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
ADC cytotoxins are connected to antibodies through an ADC connector to form ADCs [1]. Two distinct ligands, one for the E3 ubiquitin ligase and the other for the target protein, are present in PROTAC and are joined by a linker. PROTAC selectively degrades target proteins by means of the intracellular ubiquitin-proteasome system [2].
The in vitro activity of Docosanedioic acid is defined by its function as a structural component of ADCs and PROTACs. As a non-cleavable linker in ADCs, it ensures the stable conjugation of the payload to the antibody. Its biological activity is realized when the entire ADC molecule binds to its target antigen on the cell surface, is internalized, and the payload is released via degradation of the antibody in the lysosome. As a PROTAC linker, it enables the formation of a ternary complex, leading to ubiquitination and degradation of the target protein. |
| ln Vivo |
The in vivo activity of Docosanedioic acid is demonstrated through the efficacy of the ADCs and PROTACs it helps construct. ADCs utilizing non-cleavable linkers like Docosanedioic acid have shown potent and sustained anti-tumor activity in preclinical models. The linker's stability in circulation ensures that the cytotoxic payload is delivered specifically to the tumor, minimizing systemic toxicity.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Experimental protocols for Docosanedioic acid focus on its use as a chemical reagent in organic synthesis. It is typically activated (e.g., as an N-hydroxysuccinimide ester) to react with amine groups on the antibody or the payload. The conjugation efficiency is assessed using HPLC or mass spectrometry.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell-based assays for Docosanedioic acid are performed using the complete ADC or PROTAC molecule. The activity of the ADC is evaluated by treating target cells with the conjugate and measuring cell viability. The specificity of the targeting is confirmed by comparing the activity on antigen-positive versus antigen-negative cells.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies of Docosanedioic acid are conducted using the final ADC or PROTAC construct in mouse xenograft models. Tumor-bearing mice are administered the conjugate, and tumor growth inhibition is monitored. The stability of the linker is reflected in the pharmacokinetic profile of the conjugate, with non-cleavable linkers typically providing a longer half-life.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Docosanedioic acid contributes to favorable pharmacokinetic properties of the ADCs and PROTACs it forms. As a non-cleavable linker, it imparts high stability to the ADC in plasma, preventing premature release of the payload and reducing off-target toxicity. This results in a longer circulation half-life and greater exposure of the drug to the tumor.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of Docosanedioic acid is primarily associated with the final ADC or PROTAC construct. The linker itself is generally considered biocompatible and non-toxic. However, the stability of the linker influences the overall toxicity of the conjugate; non-cleavable linkers tend to have a better safety profile than cleavable ones due to reduced off-target payload release.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Docosanedioic acid is an α,ω-dicarboxylic acid, a product of the oxidation of the methyl group in docosane to the corresponding carboxylic acid. It is a metabolic product. It is both an α,ω-dicarboxylic acid and a dicarboxylic acid fatty acid. It is the conjugate acid of Docosanedioic acid ester (2-). It is derived from the hydride of docosane.
There are reports on Docosanedioic acid in radiata pine, and relevant data are available. Docosanedioic acid is a versatile linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and PROTACs. Its 22-carbon saturated backbone provides optimal spacing between the functional groups. It has been shown to inhibit the production of fatty acids and fatty esters in vivo in humans and reacts with cytochrome P450 enzymes. It can also be used in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis. |
| Molecular Formula |
C22H42O4
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
370.57
|
| Exact Mass |
370.308
|
| CAS # |
505-56-6
|
| PubChem CID |
244872
|
| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow solid powder
|
| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
527.0±23.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
72-80 °C(lit.)
|
| Flash Point |
286.6±19.1 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.0 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.474
|
| LogP |
8.24
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
21
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
26
|
| Complexity |
296
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| InChi Key |
DGXRZJSPDXZJFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C22H42O4/c23-21(24)19-17-15-13-11-9-7-5-3-1-2-4-6-8-10-12-14-16-18-20-22(25)26/h1-20H2,(H,23,24)(H,25,26)
|
| Chemical Name |
docosanedioic acid
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.6985 mL | 13.4927 mL | 26.9855 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5397 mL | 2.6985 mL | 5.3971 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2699 mL | 1.3493 mL | 2.6985 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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