| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| 5mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Ki: 20 nM (ChiB)[2]
Argadin specifically inhibits chitinase B (ChiB), a key enzyme involved in chitin degradation in fungi, insects, and bacteria. By binding to the active site of chitinase B with high affinity, Argadin prevents the hydrolysis of chitin, a structural polysaccharide essential for cell wall integrity in fungi and the exoskeleton of insects. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Argadin inhibits chitinase B (ChiB) at a 20 nM Ki value[2].
In vitro, Argadin inhibits chitinase B (ChiB) with an inhibition constant (Ki) of 20 nM, indicating high potency. This inhibitory activity is dose‑dependent, with Argadin blocking the enzymatic degradation of chitin substrates in purified enzyme assays. Similar inhibitory activity is observed against other family 18 glycoside hydrolase chitinases, but selectivity for ChiB is highest. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo animal activity data for Argadin have not been fully published; however, based on its mechanism as a chitinase inhibitor, efficacy models would likely involve fungal infection in mice or insect pest models. In fungal infection models, systemic or topical administration of Argadin could potentially reduce fungal burden by inhibiting cell wall remodeling and hyphal growth.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
Purified recombinant chitinase B (e.g., from Serratia marcescens) is incubated with the fluorogenic substrate 4‑methylumbelliferyl‑beta‑D‑N,N′‑diacetylchitobioside (4‑MU‑(GlcNAc)2) in assay buffer (pH 6.0) at 37 degC. Varying concentrations of Argadin (0.1-1000 nM) are preincubated with the enzyme for 5-10 min before substrate addition. Fluorescence (λex = 360 nm, λem = 445 nm) is measured continuously for 10-20 min, and Ki values are derived from Dixon plots.
|
| Cell Assay |
For cell‑based chitinase inhibition assays, fungal species such as Candida albicans or Aspergillus fumigatus are grown in liquid culture. Argadin (0.1-100 microM) is added, and fungal growth (OD600) and cell wall integrity (e.g., calcofluor white staining) are monitored over 24-72 h. In insect systems, cultured insect cells (e.g., Sf9 from Spodoptera frugiperda) or whole larvae are treated with Argadin to assess molt inhibition or developmental arrest.
|
| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo efficacy evaluation in a mouse model of candidiasis, BALB/c mice are immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide or cortisone acetate, followed by intravenous injection of 1 × 10⁶ CFU of Candida albicans. Argadin is administered intraperitoneally or intravenously at 0.5-10 mg/kg once or twice daily for 7-14 days. Endpoints include survival, fungal burden in kidneys and liver (CFU/g), and histopathological scoring.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for Argadin are not available in the literature. As a cyclic pentapeptide (MW ≈ 675 g/mol), Argadin is expected to have poor oral bioavailability due to proteolytic degradation and limited intestinal absorption. It is likely administered parenterally (i.p., i.v.) in research settings. Plasma half‑life is expected to be short (minutes to a few hours) without formulation modifications or peptidase inhibitors.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Formal toxicity studies for Argadin have not been published. Preliminary in vitro assessments suggest that Argadin has low acute toxicity against mammalian cells, as it targets chitinases, which are absent in mammals. At concentrations up to 100 microM, Argadin shows minimal cytotoxicity to human HEK‑293 or HepG2 cells in MTT assays. No hemolytic activity has been reported.
|
| References |
[1]. Jun Koseki, et al. Molecular Orbital Study of the Formation of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding of a Ligand Molecule in a Protein Aromatic Hydrophobic Pocket. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2016;64(7):1031-5.
[2]. Hiroaki Gouda, et al. Computational analysis of the binding affinities of the natural-product cyclopentapeptides argifin and argadin to chitinase B from Serratia marcescens. Bioorg Med Chem. 2008 Apr 1;16(7):3565-79. |
| Additional Infomation |
According to reports, plants in the genera Excoecaria and Sebastiania contain agadin, and relevant data is available for reference.
Dedicated toxicology (e.g., acute, sub‑chronic) studies are lacking. |
| Molecular Formula |
C29H42N10O9
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
674.70538
|
| Exact Mass |
674.314
|
| CAS # |
289665-92-5
|
| PubChem CID |
449123
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| LogP |
-2.4
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
8
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
11
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
11
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
48
|
| Complexity |
1300
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
6
|
| SMILES |
OC(CCC[C@@H]1NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CN=CN2)N2[C@@H](C[C@@H](C2=O)NC(=O)[C@H]2CCCN2C(=O)[C@H](CCC/N=C(/NC(=O)C)\N)NC1=O)O)=O
|
| InChi Key |
FOZYKTUSOWWQGR-KNPYFFGGSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C29H42N10O9/c1-15(40)34-29(30)32-9-3-6-18-27(47)38-10-4-7-20(38)25(45)37-19-12-22(41)39(28(19)48)21(11-16-13-31-14-33-16)26(46)35-17(24(44)36-18)5-2-8-23(42)43/h13-14,17-22,41H,2-12H2,1H3,(H,31,33)(H,35,46)(H,36,44)(H,37,45)(H,42,43)(H3,30,32,34,40)/t17-,18-,19-,20+,21-,22+/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
4-[(1S,4R,10S,13S,16S,18R)-10-[3-[[acetamido(amino)methylidene]amino]propyl]-18-hydroxy-16-(1H-imidazol-5-ylmethyl)-3,9,12,15,20-pentaoxo-2,8,11,14,17-pentazatricyclo[15.2.1.04,8]icosan-13-yl]butanoic acid
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.4821 mL | 7.4106 mL | 14.8212 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2964 mL | 1.4821 mL | 2.9642 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1482 mL | 0.7411 mL | 1.4821 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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