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| Targets |
Antiviral agent 34 targets influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. It inhibits influenza A and B viruses. By targeting the viral RNA polymerase, the compound disrupts viral RNA synthesis and replication. It is classified as an antiviral agent with potent activity against multiple influenza subtypes.
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| ln Vitro |
Antiviral agent 34 (Compound 10m) has a high level of biosafety and has the ability to prevent the H1N1 virus from multiplying during a 24-hour period (0-470 nM) [1]
In vitro, Antiviral agent 34 inhibits influenza A and B subtypes with an EC50 of 0.8 nM against H1N1 proliferation. The compound inhibits influenza virus proliferation by targeting viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Its potent antiviral activity and low EC50 value indicate high efficacy against influenza viruses. |
| ln Vivo |
In a mouse model of the deadly influenza virus, antiviral agent 34 (Compound 10m) (1 g/kg, given orally, three times a day for 14 days) demonstrated antiviral activity [1]. Route Dose (mg/kg) AUClast (ng·h/mL) AUCINF_obs (ng·h/mL) t1/2 (h) Tmax (h) Cmax (ng/mL) Clobs (L •h/kg) Vss_obs (mL/kg) MRTINF_obs (h) F (%) iv 3 21944 21920 3.69 0.08 41942 2.29 / / / po 10 5416 5395 3.26 4.0d 1184 / / / 7.38
In vivo, Antiviral agent 34 exhibits antiviral activity in a lethal influenza virus mouse model when administered orally at 1 g/kg three times a day for 14 days. The compound is orally active and well-tolerated at the tested dose. Its efficacy in lethal influenza models suggests potential for therapeutic applications. Further studies are needed to optimize dosing and evaluate long-term safety. |
| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular assays, Antiviral agent 34 is evaluated for its ability to inhibit influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Enzyme inhibition assays are performed using purified viral RNA polymerase and appropriate substrates. IC50 or EC50 values are determined from dose-response curves. The compound's binding to the viral polymerase is assessed using biochemical assays.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell Viability Assay[1]
Cell Types: MDCK cells Tested Concentrations: 0-470 nM Incubation Duration: 24 h Experimental Results: demonstrated low toxicity to MDCK cells. Western Blot Analysis[1] Cell Types: MDCK cells Tested Concentrations: 2-125 nM Incubation Duration: 24 h Experimental Results: decreased the protein level of H1N1 nucleocapsid protein (NP) with low nanomolar values. Real Time qPCR[1] Cell Types: MDCK cells Tested Concentrations: 2-31.3 nM Incubation Duration: 24 h Experimental Results: decreased the mRNA level of H1N1 nucleocapsid protein (NP) with low nanomolar values. In vitro cell culture experiments are performed using influenza virus-infected cells (e.g., MDCK cells). Cells are treated with Antiviral agent 34 at concentrations ranging from 0.1 nM to 10 μM. Antiviral activity is assessed by plaque reduction assays, viral RNA quantification (qRT-PCR), or viral protein expression (immunofluorescence). EC50 values are calculated from dose-response curves. Cytotoxicity is evaluated using standard cell viability assays. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: balb/c (Bagg ALBino) mouse: [1]
Doses: 1 g/kg/d continues for 14 days Route of Administration: po (oral gavage) Experimental Results: Tolerated at a dose of 1 g/kg with low acute toxicity. Provided ~ 50% protection in mice infected with lethal-dose H1N1. Animal/Disease Models: SD rats (pharmacokinetic/PK assay)[1] Doses: 3 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg Route of Administration: intravenous (iv)injection, oral administration (po) Experimental Results: Had preferable AUC value and low clearance rate and displayed superior oral bioavailability (F = 7.38%). In vivo animal studies are conducted in mouse models of lethal influenza virus infection. Antiviral agent 34 is administered orally at doses of 0.5-2 g/kg, three times a day for up to 14 days. Efficacy is assessed by measuring survival rates, body weight changes, viral titers in lungs, and clinical signs of infection. Histopathological examination of lung tissue is performed to evaluate treatment response. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as bioavailability, half-life, and tissue distribution are determined. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Antiviral agent 34 is an orally bioavailable small molecule. It has a molecular formula and weight as described in the literature. The compound is typically dissolved in DMSO for in vitro studies and formulated in appropriate vehicles for oral administration in vivo. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that the compound is well-tolerated at 1 g/kg oral dose in mice. It is stable under recommended storage conditions.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Antiviral agent 34 is well-tolerated at oral doses of 1 g/kg in mouse models. The compound's safety profile in animal studies suggests a favorable therapeutic index. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed during handling. The compound is for research use only and is not intended for therapeutic applications without further development.
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| References |
[1]. Liu X, et al. Rational design and optimization of acylthioureas as novel potent influenza virus non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem. 2023 Nov 5;259:115678.
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| Additional Infomation |
Antiviral agent 34 is a potent and orally active antiviral against influenza A and B subtypes with an EC50 of 0.8 nM for H1N1. It inhibits influenza virus proliferation by targeting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The compound exhibits antiviral activity in lethal influenza mouse models at 1 g/kg oral dose. It is used in influenza virus research and is for research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C29H33N3O2S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
487.656225919724
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| Exact Mass |
487.229
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| CAS # |
945152-88-5
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| PubChem CID |
17235233
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| LogP |
7.7
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
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| Heavy Atom Count |
35
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| Complexity |
730
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
S=C(NC1C=CC(=CC=1)NC(C1C=CC(=CC=1)C(C)(C)C)=O)NC(C1C=CC(=CC=1)C(C)(C)C)=O
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| InChi Key |
GKGUZBBYDHKNIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C29H33N3O2S/c1-28(2,3)21-11-7-19(8-12-21)25(33)30-23-15-17-24(18-16-23)31-27(35)32-26(34)20-9-13-22(14-10-20)29(4,5)6/h7-18H,1-6H3,(H,30,33)(H2,31,32,34,35)
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| Chemical Name |
4-tert-butyl-N-[4-[(4-tert-butylbenzoyl)carbamothioylamino]phenyl]benzamide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.0506 mL | 10.2530 mL | 20.5061 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4101 mL | 2.0506 mL | 4.1012 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2051 mL | 1.0253 mL | 2.0506 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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