| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Targets |
ACMA targets DNA through intercalation, inserting itself between the base pairs of the DNA double helix. It selectively binds to poly(dA-dT) sequences, with fluorescence lifetime decreasing upon incorporation of guanosine. The compound's ability to intercalate into DNA makes it useful for studying DNA structure, dynamics, and interactions with proteins. As a fluorescent probe, ACMA is used to visualize DNA in live cells and to measure changes in vacuolar pH. Its cell permeability allows for live-cell imaging applications. The compound's DNA-intercalating properties also underlie its potential anticancer and antimicrobial activities, as intercalation can disrupt DNA replication and transcription. ACMA's selective binding to AT-rich sequences makes it a valuable tool for studying DNA sequence-specific interactions.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, ACMA is used as a fluorescent probe for DNA intercalation and live-cell staining applications. It selectively binds to poly(dA-dT) sequences, with fluorescence lifetime decreasing upon incorporation of guanosine. The compound is also used to measure changes in vacuolar pH when a specific substrate crosses the tonoplast. In pharmaceutical research, ACMA is used in the development of anticancer and antimicrobial agents. Its DNA-intercalating properties allow it to disrupt DNA replication and transcription, potentially leading to cell death. The compound's activity is concentration-dependent, with effective concentrations typically ranging from 0.1 to 100 µM. Its fluorescent properties make it a valuable tool for studying DNA interactions and cellular imaging. Detailed IC50 values for biological activity are limited in publicly available sources.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, ACMA is primarily used as a research tool for imaging and studying DNA interactions rather than as a therapeutic agent. Its cell permeability and DNA-intercalating properties make it useful for live-cell imaging applications. However, the compound has not been extensively studied in animal models as a therapeutic agent. Its potential anticancer and antimicrobial activities are primarily investigated in vitro. The compound's in vivo effects would be expected to include DNA intercalation and disruption of cellular processes, but comprehensive in vivo studies are limited. ACMA is for research use only and is not approved for human therapeutic applications.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro DNA binding assay for ACMA typically uses purified DNA (e.g., calf thymus DNA, poly(dA-dT), or poly(dG-dC)) and measures changes in fluorescence upon intercalation. The assay is performed in 96-well plates or cuvettes with DNA and varying concentrations of the test compound (typically 0.01 to 100 µM). Fluorescence is measured at excitation/emission wavelengths appropriate for ACMA. The increase in fluorescence or change in fluorescence lifetime upon DNA binding is used to quantify binding affinity and selectivity. For live-cell staining, cells are incubated with ACMA and imaged using fluorescence microscopy. For pH measurement, ACMA is used to measure changes in vacuolar pH when a specific substrate crosses the tonoplast. Positive controls (e.g., known DNA intercalators) and negative controls (DMSO vehicle) are included in each assay run.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular assays, cells are treated with ACMA at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 µM for 1-24 hours. Cellular uptake and DNA binding are assessed by fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays to determine cytotoxicity. For pH measurement, cells are incubated with ACMA and changes in fluorescence are monitored upon substrate addition. For anticancer studies, cancer cell lines are treated with ACMA, and cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis are assessed. For antimicrobial studies, bacterial or fungal cultures are treated with ACMA, and growth inhibition is assessed by broth microdilution or disk diffusion assays. All experiments include appropriate controls and are performed in triplicate.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies for ACMA are not well-documented, as the compound is primarily used as a research tool for in vitro applications. If administered to animals, the compound's DNA-intercalating properties would likely cause significant toxicity, including disruption of DNA replication and transcription in rapidly dividing cells. The compound is not typically used in animal models for efficacy studies. All animal procedures should be conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines, with appropriate safety precautions.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
9-Amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine is a known human metabolite. The pharmacokinetic properties of ACMA have not been extensively characterized, as it is primarily used as a research reagent rather than a therapeutic agent. The compound has a molecular weight of 258.70 and is cell-permeable. It is expected to have moderate absorption and distribution following administration. The compound intercalates into DNA, which may affect its distribution and elimination. Metabolism is primarily hepatic, with CYP450-mediated oxidation and conjugation as major pathways. The compound is eliminated primarily via biliary and renal excretion. Due to its DNA-intercalating properties, systemic exposure would likely cause significant toxicity. Detailed PK data for ACMA are not available in publicly accessible literature. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicology of ACMA has been partially characterized. As a DNA intercalator, the compound is expected to be genotoxic and mutagenic, as intercalation can cause DNA damage and mutations. In cell culture, ACMA shows concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, with IC50 values varying depending on the cell type. The compound's DNA-intercalating properties make it potentially carcinogenic and teratogenic. Chronic exposure would likely cause significant toxicity. The compound should be handled with appropriate laboratory safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment. ACMA is for research use only and is not approved for human use. Comprehensive toxicology studies would be required for therapeutic development.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
ACMA is a cell-permeable fluorescent DNA intercalator that selectively binds to poly(dA-dT) sequences. It is used for live-cell staining, DNA interaction studies, and pH measurement, and in pharmaceutical research for anticancer and antimicrobial agent development. The compound is not approved for human use and has not entered clinical trials. It is available as a high-purity research reagent (≥95%) for laboratory use only. Its fluorescent properties and DNA-intercalating activity make it a valuable tool for studying DNA structure, dynamics, and cellular imaging.
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| Molecular Formula |
C14H11N2OCL
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| Molecular Weight |
258.70294
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| Exact Mass |
258.056
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| CAS # |
3548-09-2
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| PubChem CID |
19080
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.367g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
475.1ºC at 760mmHg
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| Flash Point |
241.2ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.734
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| LogP |
4.213
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
18
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| Complexity |
302
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
IHHSSHCBRVYGJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H11ClN2O/c1-18-9-3-5-12-11(7-9)14(16)10-4-2-8(15)6-13(10)17-12/h2-7H,1H3,(H2,16,17)
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| Chemical Name |
6-chloro-2-methoxyacridin-9-amine
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~31.25 mg/mL (~120.80 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.8655 mL | 19.3274 mL | 38.6548 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7731 mL | 3.8655 mL | 7.7310 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3865 mL | 1.9327 mL | 3.8655 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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