| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary biological target of 9-Carboxymethoxymethylguanine is not a specific viral or cellular protein. It is a metabolite of acyclovir and is pharmacologically inactive. Its formation is catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. The metabolite is not known to inhibit viral DNA polymerase or to have any significant antiviral activity. Its clinical relevance lies in its role as a marker for acyclovir metabolism and its potential to contribute to acyclovir-associated nephrotoxicity at high concentrations. It does not bind to or inhibit any known receptor or enzyme with high affinity.
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| ln Vitro |
Acyclovir is converted to acyclovir aldehyde by the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme, which is then converted to 9-carboxymethoxymethylguanine (CMMG) by the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme[1].
In vitro, 9-Carboxymethoxymethylguanine does not exhibit significant antiviral activity. It is not activated by viral thymidine kinase and does not inhibit viral DNA polymerase. Its formation can be studied in vitro using liver microsomes or purified enzymes (alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase) to characterize the metabolic pathway of acyclovir. Its cytotoxicity is generally low. The metabolite is used as a reference standard in analytical assays to quantify acyclovir and its metabolites in biological samples. |
| ln Vivo |
Information regarding the in vivo activity of 9-Carboxymethoxymethylguanine is limited, as it is a metabolite and not administered as a drug. Its in vivo formation from acyclovir has been studied in animals and humans. It is excreted primarily in the urine. At high concentrations, it may contribute to acyclovir-associated nephrotoxicity, but this is not well-established. Further studies are needed to fully understand its role in acyclovir's pharmacokinetics and its potential contribution to adverse effects.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The non-cellular enzyme or receptor binding assay for 9-Carboxymethoxymethylguanine is not applicable, as it is not a bioactive ligand. Its formation can be studied in vitro using purified enzymes (alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase) and acyclovir as the substrate. The reaction can be monitored by HPLC or LC-MS/MS to quantify the formation of the metabolite. These are enzymatic assays, not binding assays. The metabolite's physicochemical properties, such as solubility and stability, can be characterized using standard analytical techniques.
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| Cell Assay |
The in vitro cellular assay for 9-Carboxymethoxymethylguanine is not applicable for assessing antiviral activity. It is not used to treat cells. Its formation can be studied in primary hepatocytes or cell lines that express the enzymes responsible for acyclovir metabolism. The cells are incubated with acyclovir, and the formation of the metabolite is measured in the culture medium or cell lysate using LC-MS/MS. The metabolite itself does not have a direct effect on cells that would be measured in a typical cellular assay.
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| Animal Protocol |
The in vivo animal experiment workflow for 9-Carboxymethoxymethylguanine is not applicable as it is not administered as a drug. In studies of acyclovir metabolism, animals (e.g., rats, mice) are administered acyclovir, and blood and urine samples are collected at various time points. The concentrations of acyclovir and its metabolites, including 9-Carboxymethoxymethylguanine, are measured using LC-MS/MS. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the metabolite, such as its half-life and clearance, are then calculated. These studies help to understand the metabolic fate of acyclovir.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
9-Carboxymethoxymethylguanine is an oxypurine.
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| Molecular Formula |
C8H9N5O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
239.19
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| Exact Mass |
239.065
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| CAS # |
80685-22-9
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| Related CAS # |
9-Carboxymethoxymethylguanine-13C2,15N
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| PubChem CID |
135508007
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Density |
1.9±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
696.5±63.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
375.0±33.7 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.802
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| LogP |
-1.37
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| tPSA |
132
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
17
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| Complexity |
371
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O=C1C2N=CN(C=2NC(N)=N1)COCC(O)=O
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| InChi Key |
MICNQLKUSOVNNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H9N5O4/c9-8-11-6-5(7(16)12-8)10-2-13(6)3-17-1-4(14)15/h2H,1,3H2,(H,14,15)(H3,9,11,12,16)
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| Chemical Name |
2-[(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)methoxy]acetic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.1808 mL | 20.9039 mL | 41.8078 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8362 mL | 4.1808 mL | 8.3616 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4181 mL | 2.0904 mL | 4.1808 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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