| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
APTS does not have a specific biological target as a drug. Its primary application is as a fluorescent labeling reagent for carbohydrates and glycoproteins. The amino group on the pyrene core can be used to label reducing sugars via reductive amination. The sulfonic acid groups confer water solubility and anionic character, preventing the dye from crossing biological membranes and reducing nonspecific binding. Its fluorescence properties, including a large Stokes shift and stability over a wide pH range, make it suitable for various analytical applications.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, APTS is used as an anionic fluorescent dye for detecting carbohydrates and labeling glycoproteins in electrophoresis. It is also used to modify other carbonyl-containing biomolecules such as aldehydes and ketones. Its fluorescence intensity remains stable at pH 4-10. The dye is widely used in capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of carbohydrates, as the negative charge of the dye helps to separate the labeled carbohydrates based on their charge-to-mass ratio.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity of APTS is not typically studied, as it is a fluorescent labeling reagent rather than a bioactive drug. However, labeled biomolecules (e.g., labeled glycoproteins) could be used in vivo for imaging or tracking purposes. The dye's water solubility and anionic nature limit its ability to cross cell membranes, which may restrict its use to extracellular or ex vivo applications.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding (non-cell) assays using APTS typically involve the dye as a label for carbohydrates or glycoproteins, rather than as a binding agent itself. A standard protocol for labeling carbohydrates: a carbohydrate sample is incubated with APTS in the presence of a reducing agent (e.g., sodium cyanoborohydride) in an acetic acid solution. The reaction mixture is incubated at 37°C for several hours. The labeled carbohydrate is then analyzed by capillary electrophoresis or HPLC with fluorescence detection. The fluorescence of the APTS-labeled carbohydrate allows for sensitive detection and quantification.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays using APTS are not common, as it is primarily used for labeling and detecting biomolecules in solution. However, it could be used to label cell surface glycoproteins. A standard protocol: cells are harvested and incubated with a solution containing APTS and a reducing agent. The APTS reacts with the aldehyde groups on glycoproteins (after periodate oxidation) to form fluorescently labeled glycoproteins. The labeled cells can be analyzed by flow cytometry to assess the expression of specific glycoproteins on the cell surface.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments using APTS are not typically performed, as it is a fluorescent dye for in vitro labeling. However, APTS-labeled biomolecules could be administered to animals for tracking purposes. For example, an APTS-labeled glycoprotein could be injected intravenously, and its distribution in the body could be monitored by measuring the fluorescence in blood and tissues. Such studies would require careful consideration of the dye's properties and the stability of the labeled molecule.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of APTS are not a primary focus of study. The compound is a highly water-soluble, anionic dye with a large molecular weight (523.40 g/mol). It is not expected to readily cross biological membranes due to its negative charge and size. The dye is stable at pH 4-10, making it suitable for various experimental conditions. Its fluorescence properties, including a large Stokes shift, are advantageous for detection in complex biological samples.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity data for APTS is limited. As a fluorescent dye, it is generally considered to have low toxicity at the concentrations used for labeling and detection. The compound is water-soluble and anionic, which limits its ability to interact with cellular membranes and reduces its potential for cytotoxicity. However, standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
APTS is a water-soluble anionic fluorescent dye with stable fluorescence intensity at pH 4-10. It is widely used for detecting carbohydrates and labeling glycoproteins in electrophoresis. The dye has strong green fluorescence with a great Stokes shift. It is also used to modify carbonyl-containing biomolecules. It is not a drug and has no clinical use or approval status. It is commercially available from chemical suppliers for research purposes only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C16H8NNA3O9S3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
523.4003
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| Exact Mass |
522.905
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| CAS # |
196504-57-1
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| PubChem CID |
9849652
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| Appearance |
Light brown to brown solid powder
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| Melting Point |
≥250ºC(lit.)
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| LogP |
4.702
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
10
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
32
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| Complexity |
936
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
XSTNYACEWLNWPY-UHFFFAOYSA-K
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C16H11NO9S3.3Na/c17-11-5-12(27(18,19)20)8-3-4-10-14(29(24,25)26)6-13(28(21,22)23)9-2-1-7(11)15(8)16(9)10;;;/h1-6H,17H2,(H,18,19,20)(H,21,22,23)(H,24,25,26);;;/q;3*+1/p-3
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| Chemical Name |
trisodium;8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~25 mg/mL (~47.76 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.9106 mL | 9.5529 mL | 19.1058 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3821 mL | 1.9106 mL | 3.8212 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1911 mL | 0.9553 mL | 1.9106 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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