| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
p53 (upregulates p53 expression); BCL-2 (downregulates BCL-2 expression); BAX (no change in expression); AKT (reduces active AKT/pAKT); β-catenin (reduces β-catenin level) [2]
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Lumichrome decreased viability of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines H292, A549, and H460 in a dose-dependent manner (0–100 μM, 24 h), with IC50 values: H292 ~40 μM, A549 ~80 μM, H460 ~60 μM; it showed limited activity against colorectal cancer HCT116 cells (IC50 >100 μM). In contrast, riboflavin (0–100 μM) had no anti-cancer activity. Lumichrome exhibited comparable cancer-killing effects to cisplatin but with lower toxicity to normal primary dermal papilla cells (IC50 ~70–95 μM) [2]
- Lumichrome at 25 and 50 μM significantly inhibited clonogenic growth (colony formation) of H292, A549, and H460 cells after 7 days of culture. At 10–50 μM, it significantly reduced anchorage-independent colony formation in soft agar for H292 (10–50 μM), A549 (25–50 μM), and H460 (25–50 μM) cells [2] - Lumichrome at 25–50 μM induced apoptosis in H292, A549, and H460 cells as shown by Hoechst 33342/PI staining (condensed and fragmented nuclei). Necrosis was not observed. Western blot analysis showed that lumichrome (50 μM) increased cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3 in H292 and H460 cells; in A549 cells, it increased cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase-9 but not cleaved caspase-3. It upregulated p53 and downregulated BCL-2 in all three cell lines, with no change in BAX [2] - Lumichrome suppressed cancer stem cell (CSC) markers CD44 and CD133 in H460 cells (by western blot and flow cytometry) and reduced CD44 and pAKT in H292 cells. It also reduced active AKT (pAKT) and β-catenin levels in H460 cells [2] |
| Cell Assay |
Cell viability assay: Cells (1×10^4/well) were seeded in 96-well plates, incubated overnight, then treated with lumichrome at 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μM for 24 h. MTT solution (400 μg/ml) was added for 4 h at 37°C, then DMSO was added to dissolve formazan crystals. Absorbance was measured at 570 nm using a microplate reader [2]
- Colony formation assay: H292, A549, and H460 cells were pretreated with lumichrome (0, 10, 25, 50 μM for 24 h), then seeded at 100 cells/well in 24-well plates and incubated for 7 days. Colonies were fixed with methanol at 4°C for 15 min and stained with 0.1% crystal violet for 15 min, then assessed under a phase-contrast microscope [2] - Anchorage-independent growth assay (soft agar): Cells pretreated with lumichrome (0, 10, 25, 50 μM for 24 h) were mixed with medium containing 0.3% agarose (bottom layer: 1% agarose). Cells (3×10^3/ml) were added in upper layer. After solidification, medium was added and incubated for 2 weeks, with fresh medium (200 μl/well) added every 3 days. Colonies were assessed under a phase-contrast microscope [2] - Nuclear staining assay (apoptosis/necrosis): Cells (1×10^4/well) in 96-well plates were treated with lumichrome (0–100 μM) for 24 h, then stained with Hoechst 33342 (10 μg/ml) and propidium iodide (5 μg/ml) for 15 min at 37°C. Apoptotic cells (condensed/fragmented nuclei) and necrotic cells (PI-positive) were visualized by fluorescence microscopy [2] - Western blot analysis: After lumichrome treatment, cells were lysed in RIPA buffer with protease inhibitor for 30 min on ice. Proteins (50 μg) were separated by SDS-PAGE, transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, blocked with 5% nonfat dry milk in TBST, incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C, then with HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies for 2 h at room temperature. Bands were detected by chemiluminescence and quantified by ImageJ [2] - Flow cytometry analysis: H460 cells treated with lumichrome (0, 25, 50 μM for 24 h) were washed with PBS, blocked with 3% BSA in PBS for 30 min on ice, incubated with primary antibody for 1 h at 4°C, then with Alexa fluor 488-conjugated secondary antibody for 30 min at 4°C in the dark. Cells were analyzed using a flow cytometer [2] |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Lumichrome showed lower toxicity to normal primary dermal papilla cells (Primary DP1, Primary DP2) and immortalized dermal papilla (DP) cells compared to cisplatin. The IC50 values for normal cells were approximately 70–95 μM. The amount of DMSO in final concentration was less than 0.1%, which showed no toxicity to cancer and normal cells [2]
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Luciferin is a blue fluorescent compound produced by the photolysis of riboflavin in acidic or neutral solutions. It is a plant metabolite functionally related to isofluoroazines and is a tautomer of 7,8-dimethylisofluoroazine. Luciferin has been reported in Streptomyces, maize, and several other organisms with relevant data.
Lumichrome (7,8-dimethylalloxazine) is a major derivative of riboflavin (vitamin B2). Unlike riboflavin, which may promote lung cancer progression, lumichrome suppresses lung cancer cell growth and reduces survival in both normal and anchorage-independent conditions [2] - Mechanism: Lumichrome induces apoptosis via a p53-dependent mitochondrial mechanism. It upregulates p53 and decreases BCL-2, leading to activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Additionally, lumichrome suppresses CSC markers (CD44, CD133) and CSC-maintaining signaling pathways including AKT and β-catenin [2] - The potency of lumichrome in killing lung cancer cells is comparable to cisplatin, a standard chemotherapeutic drug for lung cancer treatment [2] |
| Molecular Formula |
C12H10N4O2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
242.2334
|
| Exact Mass |
242.08
|
| CAS # |
1086-80-2
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| PubChem CID |
5326566
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
|
| Density |
1.388g/cm3
|
| Melting Point |
300 °C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.66
|
| LogP |
0.776
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
18
|
| Complexity |
386
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| InChi Key |
ZJTJUVIJVLLGSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H10N4O2/c1-5-3-7-8(4-6(5)2)14-10-9(13-7)11(17)16-12(18)15-10/h3-4H,1-2H3,(H2,14,15,16,17,18)
|
| Chemical Name |
7,8-dimethyl-1H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~2 mg/mL (~8.26 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.1283 mL | 20.6415 mL | 41.2831 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8257 mL | 4.1283 mL | 8.2566 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4128 mL | 2.0642 mL | 4.1283 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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