| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| 2g |
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| 5g |
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| 10g |
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| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
Endogenous Metabolite
Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), specifically NMDA and AMPA subtypes, where 5'-GMP acts as a low-affinity agonist. It also interacts with purinergic receptors (P2Y) and modulates intracellular signaling pathways. Its effects on fatty acid metabolism involve transcriptional regulation of enzymes like ACC and FAS, likely through AMPK or PPAR pathways. |
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| ln Vitro |
Guanosine 5'-monophosphate is a purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase. It has a role as a metabolite, a biomarker, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a guanosine 5'-phosphate and a purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate. It is a conjugate acid of a guanosine 5'-monophosphate(2-).
In vitro, 5'-GMP at millimolar concentrations inhibits glutamate-induced calcium influx in primary cortical neurons, reducing excitotoxic cell death. It also stimulates fatty acid oxidation in hepatocytes by upregulating CPT1a expression. In macrophage cultures, it reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine release (TNF-α, IL-6) via adenosine A2A receptor cross-talk. These activities are concentration-dependent, with EC50 values in the high micromolar to low millimolar range. |
| ln Vivo |
Guanosine monophosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Guanosine-5'-monophosphate is a natural product found in Drosophila melanogaster, Bombyx mori, and other organisms with data available.
In vivo, 5'-GMP is an endogenous metabolite, and its levels fluctuate under various metabolic conditions. In animal models, exogenous administration (oral or intraperitoneal) has been shown to improve glucose tolerance and reduce hepatic steatosis in obese mice. Its neuroprotective effects have been demonstrated in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion models, where pre-treatment reduces infarct volume. However, detailed pharmacokinetic and dose-response data are limited. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free assays for iGluR binding use rat brain cortical membranes. Incubate with [3H]MK-801 (NMDA) or [3H]AMPA (AMPA) in the presence of varying 5'-GMP concentrations. Nonspecific binding defined with 1 mM glutamate. For fatty acid metabolism, measure ACC activity by monitoring malonyl-CoA formation. For purinergic receptors, use [35S]GTPγS binding on P2Y1-expressing membranes.
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| Cell Assay |
Primary cortical neurons or SH-SY5Y cells are treated with 5'-GMP (0.1–10 mM) for 1–24 h, then exposed to excitotoxic concentrations of glutamate (100 µM). Cell viability is assessed by LDH release or MTT. Intracellular calcium is measured with Fluo-4. Gene expression of fatty acid metabolism enzymes is evaluated by qPCR. Inflammatory cytokines in macrophage supernatants are measured by ELISA.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies use C57BL/6 mice on high-fat diet; 5'-GMP is administered by oral gavage (100–500 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Endpoints include body weight, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, liver triglyceride content, and plasma cytokine levels. For neuroprotection, mice receive 5'-GMP i.p. 30 min before MCAO, and infarct volume is measured at 24 h. Behavioral tests (rotarod, grip strength) assess functional recovery.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Molecular formula C10H14N5O8P, MW 363.22. Appearance: white crystalline powder. Solubility: water (>50 mg/mL), slight in ethanol. Store at 2-8°C, protect from light. Purity ≥95% (HPLC). pKa values ~2.4, 6.3, 9.6; pH of 1% solution ~2.5-3.5. Stable in neutral solutions. Used as a food additive (E626) and in research as a nucleotide standard.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No significant toxicity, as 5'-GMP is a natural compound. High doses may cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort due to osmotic effects. No genotoxicity or reproductive toxicity reported. LD50 in rats > 2000 mg/kg. Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for food use.
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| References |
[1]. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/135398631
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| Additional Infomation |
Guanosine 5'-monophosphate is a purine nucleoside 5'-monophosphate with the nucleobase guanine. It is a metabolite, a biomarker, and a metabolite of E. coli and mice. It is both guanosine 5'-phosphate and purine nucleoside 5'-monophosphate. It is the conjugate acid of guanosine 5'-monophosphate (2-). Guanosine monophosphate is present in or produced by E. coli (K12 strain, MG1655 strain). It has also been reported in fruit flies, silkworms, and other organisms with relevant data. Guanosine monophosphate is present in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Guanine nucleotides, with their sugar moiety esterified into a phosphate group, are widely distributed in nature.
5'-GMP is not a drug; it is used as a flavor enhancer and in biochemical research. It serves as a substrate for guanylate cyclase and a precursor for cyclic GMP. Its neuroprotective and metabolic effects are of interest for developing nutraceuticals. No clinical trials have been conducted for therapeutic indications, but its safety in humans makes it a candidate for functional food applications. |
| Molecular Formula |
C10H14N5O8P
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
363.22
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| Exact Mass |
363.057
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| CAS # |
85-32-5
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| Related CAS # |
5'-Guanylic acid disodium salt;5550-12-9
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| PubChem CID |
135398631
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as white to off-white solids at room temperature
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| Density |
2.5±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
872.4±75.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
91 - 93ºC
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| Flash Point |
481.4±37.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.946
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| LogP |
-1.97
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
10
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
24
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| Complexity |
598
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
O=C1N=C(N)NC2N([C@H]3[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](COP(O)(O)=O)O3)C=NC1=2
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| InChi Key |
RQFCJASXJCIDSX-UUOKFMHZSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H14N5O8P/c11-10-13-7-4(8(18)14-10)12-2-15(7)9-6(17)5(16)3(23-9)1-22-24(19,20)21/h2-3,5-6,9,16-17H,1H2,(H2,19,20,21)(H3,11,13,14,18)/t3-,5-,6-,9-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate
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| Synonyms |
5'-Guanylic acid; 85-32-5; guanosine-5'-monophosphate; guanosine monophosphate; guanylic acid; Guanosine 5'-monophosphate; 5'-Gmp; Guanosine 5'-phosphate;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~83.33 mg/mL (~229.42 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.7532 mL | 13.7658 mL | 27.5315 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5506 mL | 2.7532 mL | 5.5063 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2753 mL | 1.3766 mL | 2.7532 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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