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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Primarily acts as a fluorescent labeling reagent that interacts with biological macromolecules. It inhibits adenylyl cyclase (AC), an enzyme that plays a crucial role in cellular signaling pathways. It also inhibits acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, leading to increased acetylcholine levels in the brain. The compound modulates the activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), influencing cellular responses to external stimuli. It can activate or inhibit transcription factors, leading to changes in gene expression.
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| ln Vitro |
4-Methylphthalimide induces apoptosis in cancer cells by activating caspase enzymes. It influences cell signaling pathways, including the MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways, which are critical for cell proliferation and survival. It also affects gene expression by modulating transcription factors, thereby altering the expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. The compound inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. It modulates the activity of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies on 4-Methylphthalimide are limited. It has been studied for its potential role in drug development, with promising activity against Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders. Clinical trials are currently underway to evaluate its safety and efficacy in humans. However, detailed in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data are not widely available in the public domain. The compound is primarily used as a research tool for fluorescent labeling rather than as a therapeutic agent.
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| Enzyme Assay |
4-Methylphthalimide is a stain with biological research applications. In cell-based assays, it is used for fluorescent labeling of intracellular proteins and nucleic acids. The compound's interaction with biological macromolecules enables its use in various imaging and detection techniques. However, specific cell-based assay protocols, such as concentrations and incubation times, are not extensively detailed in the available literature. General protocols for fluorescent labeling reagents would apply, involving incubation with cells and subsequent fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry analysis.
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| Animal Protocol |
Specific in vivo animal experimental protocols for 4-Methylphthalimide are not well-documented in the available literature. As a fluorescent labeling reagent, it is primarily used in vitro for staining and imaging applications. It has been studied for potential therapeutic applications in neurological disorders, but detailed animal models and treatment regimens are not publicly available. Researchers using this compound for in vivo studies would need to establish appropriate dosing and administration routes based on the specific research objectives.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
4-Methylphthalimide is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone. It is a white crystalline solid. As a small molecule, it is expected to have good membrane permeability, allowing it to interact with intracellular targets. However, specific pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life, volume of distribution, and clearance have not been reported. The compound is relatively stable under standard laboratory conditions, with minimal degradation observed over time.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
4-Methylphthalimide has toxic effects on aquatic organisms and can accumulate in the environment. It poses health and safety considerations in the workplace. The compound is for research use only and not for human therapeutic use. It may cause skin and eye irritation. Proper safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment, should be taken when handling this compound. The compound should be stored in a sealed container in a cool, dry place away from incompatible materials.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
4-Methylphthalimide is a fluorescent labeling reagent used in biological research. It is also known as 5-methylisoindole-1,3-dione. The compound is used in various fields, including organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, and materials science. It is a derivative of phthalic anhydride and is used in medical research, environmental research, and industrial research. It has been found to have promising activity against Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders. It is supplied as a solid and should be stored at room temperature.
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| Molecular Formula |
C9H7NO2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
161.15738
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| Exact Mass |
161.048
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| CAS # |
40314-06-5
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| PubChem CID |
5148269
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| Appearance |
Off-white to light brown solid powder
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| Density |
1.301g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
196.5-199.5ºC(lit.)
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| Index of Refraction |
1.598
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| LogP |
1.207
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
237
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
UKRUJPIJOJHCOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H7NO2/c1-5-2-3-6-7(4-5)9(12)10-8(6)11/h2-4H,1H3,(H,10,11,12)
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| Chemical Name |
5-methylisoindole-1,3-dione
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.2050 mL | 31.0251 mL | 62.0501 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2410 mL | 6.2050 mL | 12.4100 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6205 mL | 3.1025 mL | 6.2050 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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