Metabolism / Metabolites
Known metabolites of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid include 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, protocatechuic acid, and 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid is a known metabolite of anthocyanins.

[1]. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid ratios of cysteinyl-dopamine/3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in parkinsonian synucleinopathies. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2016 Oct;31:79-86.

(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid is a dihydroxyphenylacetic acid with two hydroxyl substituents located at the 3 and 4 positions, respectively. It is a metabolite of dopamine and plays a metabolic role in the human body. It is a dihydroxyphenylacetic acid belonging to the catechol class of compounds. Its function is related to phenylacetic acid. It is the conjugate acid of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid ester. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid has been reported to exist in Salvia officinalis, Tragopogon orientalis, and other organisms with relevant data. It is a deamination metabolite of levodopa.

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- 3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid is a deaminated metabolite of dopamine, actively extruded from dopaminergic cells into the extracellular fluid, and CSF DOPAC is directly related to brain DOPAC content. [1]
- In the study, CSF levels of 3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid were measured simultaneously with other catechols including Cys-DA. Normal CSF DOPAC levels were about 1.60 pmol/mL in control subjects. Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy-parkinsonian type (MSA-P) showed significantly decreased mean CSF DOPAC compared to controls (0.94 ± 0.09 pmol/mL in PD, 0.89 ± 0.08 pmol/mL in MSA-P, p < 0.0001 each). In pure autonomic failure (PAF, a non-parkinsonian synucleinopathy), mean CSF DOPAC (1.43 ± 0.10 pmol/mL) was not significantly different from controls. [1]
- The CSF ratio of Cys-DA to 3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid was substantially increased in PD and MSA-P (0.14 ± 0.02 and 0.13 ± 0.02 respectively) compared to controls (0.05 ± 0.01) and PAF (0.05 ± 0.01), indicating that this ratio provides a specific biomarker of parkinsonism in synucleinopathies. [1]
- 3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid is a more sensitive and specific biomarker of central dopamine deficiency than homovanillic acid (HVA), because CSF DOPAC is derived from intra-neuronal metabolism of cytoplasmic dopamine, whereas CSF HVA is determined complexly by both extra-neuronal metabolism of released dopamine and extra-neuronal metabolism of released DOPAC. [1]
- The CSF DOPAC data from most subjects in this study had been previously reported, and reproducibility of assay results was excellent (r = 0.92, p < 0.0001, n = 125) when comparing different aliquots from the same subjects. [1]

C8H8O4

168.1467

168.042

102-32-9

3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid-d5; 60696-39-1; 3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid; 102-32-9; 3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid-d3; 68408-04-8; 3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid-13C,18O2

547

White to gray solid powder

1.5±0.1 g/cm3

418.4±30.0 °C at 760 mmHg

127-130 °C(lit.)

221.0±21.1 °C

0.0±1.0 mmHg at 25°C

1.643

Endogenously produced metabolite: Disease markers Nervous System Disorder
Originated from microorganisms

0.17

3

4

2

12

168

0

OC1=C(O)C=CC(CC(O)=O)=C1

CFFZDZCDUFSOFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C8H8O4/c9-6-2-1-5(3-7(6)10)4-8(11)12/h1-3,9-10H,4H2,(H,11,12)

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO: ~100 mg/mL (~594.7 mM; with ultrasonication)
H2O: ~50 mg/mL (~297.4 mM; with ultrasonication)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (14.87 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween-80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL of PEG300 and mix well; then add 50 μL of Tween-80 and mix well; finally add 450 μL of physiological saline and adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (14.87 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD saline and mix well.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (14.87 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL of corn oil and mix well.

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Solubility in Formulation 4: 110 mg/mL (654.18 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)