| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
3'-Adenylic acid does not have a specific pharmacological target as a therapeutic agent. As an endogenous nucleotide, it is involved in multiple cellular processes including RNA synthesis, energy metabolism, and nucleotide signaling. It can be metabolized to adenosine, which acts on adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, A3) and plays roles in cardiovascular, neurological, and immune function. However, 3'-AMP itself is not a selective agonist or antagonist of these receptors. It may also act as a substrate for enzymes involved in nucleotide metabolism, including nucleotidases and kinases.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, 3'-adenylic acid is used as a substrate and standard in biochemical assays. It can be hydrolyzed by 3'-nucleotidase to produce adenosine and phosphate. It can be phosphorylated by kinases to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It serves as a building block for RNA synthesis in vitro. It may have effects on cellular signaling pathways through its metabolism to adenosine, which can activate adenosine receptors. It has been studied for its potential neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects, although these are likely mediated through its metabolites rather than the parent compound.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, 3'-adenylic acid is an endogenous metabolite present in all cells. It is involved in nucleotide metabolism and energy homeostasis. As a dietary supplement, it has been marketed for various health benefits including cardiovascular support, athletic performance, and neuroprotection, although the evidence for these benefits is limited. Its effects are likely mediated through its metabolism to adenosine and other nucleotides rather than through direct activity. It is not used as a therapeutic agent for specific diseases. Its safety and efficacy as a supplement are not well-established.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro assays for 3'-adenylic acid are primarily biochemical rather than pharmacological. For nucleotide analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection is used to quantify 3'-AMP in biological samples. Enzymatic assays using 3'-nucleotidase are used to measure enzyme activity: the enzyme is incubated with 3'-AMP in assay buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 1 mM MgCl₂) and phosphate release is measured by colorimetric assays (e.g., Malachite Green). For receptor binding studies, competition assays using adenosine receptors may be performed, although 3'-AMP has low affinity for these receptors. For antioxidant activity, DPPH or ABTS assays may be used.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for 3'-adenylic acid use various cell types including neurons, cardiomyocytes, and immune cells. Cells are cultured in appropriate media and treated with 3'-AMP at various concentrations (1-1000 μM) for 1-48 hours. Cell viability is assessed by MTT assays. Intracellular ATP levels are measured using luciferase-based assays. Adenosine release and metabolism are assessed by HPLC analysis of culture media. Effects on signaling pathways (e.g., cAMP, ERK, Akt) are assessed by Western blot. Inflammatory responses are evaluated by measuring cytokine production via ELISA. Neuroprotective effects are assessed in models of oxidative stress or excitotoxicity.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for 3'-adenylic acid are limited as it is not a therapeutic agent. Some studies have been conducted to evaluate its potential as a dietary supplement. In rodent models, the compound is administered orally or intraperitoneally at doses of 10-100 mg/kg. Parameters such as exercise performance, cognitive function, and cardiovascular function may be assessed. Blood and tissue samples are collected for analysis of nucleotide levels and metabolites. In models of ischemia or injury, the compound's protective effects may be evaluated. However, the evidence for therapeutic efficacy is limited, and the compound is not approved for clinical use.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
3'-Adenylic acid is an endogenous nucleotide that is rapidly metabolized in vivo. Following administration, it is hydrolyzed by nucleotidases to adenosine, which is further metabolized by adenosine deaminase to inosine, and by adenosine kinase to AMP. The half-life of 3'-AMP in circulation is very short due to rapid metabolism. It is distributed to tissues where it participates in nucleotide metabolism. The compound does not cross the blood-brain barrier efficiently, but its metabolite adenosine does. Excretion is primarily in urine as uric acid and other metabolites. Specific pharmacokinetic data for 3'-AMP as a therapeutic agent are limited.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
3'-Adenylic acid is an endogenous metabolite and is generally considered safe at physiological concentrations. As a dietary supplement, it is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) at recommended doses. High doses may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, flushing, and other side effects related to adenosine signaling. The compound is not classified as a carcinogen, mutagen, or reproductive toxicant. However, as with any supplement, it should be used with caution in individuals with certain medical conditions (e.g., gout, kidney disease). This compound is for research use and as a dietary supplement ingredient. It is not approved as a therapeutic drug.
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| Additional Infomation |
3'-AMP is an adenosine 3'-phosphate with a monophosphate group attached at the 3'-position. It is found in mice, humans, and E. coli as a metabolite. It is a combination of adenosine 3'-phosphate and purine ribonucleotide 3'-monophosphate. It is the conjugate acid of 3'-AMP(2-). 3'-AMP is a metabolite found or produced in E. coli strains K12 and MG1655. 3'-Adenosine has also been reported in fruit flies, sunflowers, and other organisms with relevant data. Adenine nucleotides have a phosphate group esterified at the 2', 3', or 5' position of their glycosyl group.
3'-Adenylic acid (CAS# 84-21-9), also known as adenosine 3'-monophosphate (3'-AMP), is a nucleotide consisting of adenine, ribose, and a phosphate group attached at the 3' position. It is a key component of RNA and is involved in various biological processes including cellular metabolism and signal transduction. It is an endogenous metabolite and is used in research to study nucleotide metabolism. It is also used as a dietary supplement ingredient. It is not approved as a therapeutic drug. This compound is for research use and as a dietary supplement, not for therapeutic use. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound. |
| Exact Mass |
347.063
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|---|---|
| CAS # |
84-21-9
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| PubChem CID |
41211
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
2.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
815.5±75.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
-210ºC (dec.)
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| Flash Point |
447.0±37.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.1 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.905
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| LogP |
-1.46
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
11
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
23
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| Complexity |
481
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
C1=NC(=C2C(=N1)N(C=N2)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OP(=O)(O)O)O)N
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| InChi Key |
LNQVTSROQXJCDD-KQYNXXCUSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H14N5O7P/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-6(17)7(4(1-16)21-10)22-23(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] dihydrogen phosphate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
| NCT02318043 | COMPLETED | Drug: inhaled corticosteroids (usually budesonide/fomorterol 160/4.5mcg; fluticasone/salmeterol 250/50mcg) |
Asthma | Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease | 2007-01 | Not Applicable |
| NCT03323827 | UNKNOWN STATUS | Obesity Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
University of Arizona | 2016-11 | ||
| NCT02391519 | RECRUITING | Procedure: Collection of myometrial, cord blood, and placental tissue samples |
IUGR Preeclampsia Pregnancy |
University of Colorado, Denver | 2016-01 | |
| NCT05032729 | COMPLETED | Other: Trypophan, Theanine and 5'AMP Other: Placebo |
Balance Cognitive Performance Physical Performance Sleep |
PepsiCo Global R&D | 2022-03-14 | Not Applicable |
| NCT01939587 | COMPLETED | Drug: PBF-680 5 mg Drug: PBF-680 20 mg Drug: Placebo |
Asthma | Fundació Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau |
2013-12 | Phase 2 |
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