| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
GPR84 (G protein-coupled receptor 84). 2-Hydroxydecanoic acid acts as an agonist of GPR84, a receptor involved in immune regulation and metabolic signaling. The compound's activity is characterized by its agonist mechanism of action at this receptor. It is also a fatty acid found in bacterial lipopolysaccharides.
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| ln Vitro |
2-Hydroxydecanoic acid demonstrates nootropic activity in vitro and in vivo at nanomolar concentrations. It has been shown to have sustained-release properties when incorporated into microspheres. The compound is used as a biochemical reagent and as a synthetic chemical intermediate in pharmaceutical preparations. Its activity as a GPR84 agonist has been characterized in receptor binding and functional assays.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, 2-Hydroxydecanoic acid has demonstrated nootropic (cognitive-enhancing) activity in rats at nanomolar concentrations. It has also been studied for its sustained-release properties when incorporated into microspheres. The compound is used as an active substance in pharmaceutical preparations and as a synthetic chemical intermediate.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro receptor binding assays for 2-Hydroxydecanoic acid involve measuring GPR84 activation in the presence of varying concentrations of the compound. Cells expressing GPR84 are treated with the compound, and receptor activation is assessed by measuring downstream signaling such as calcium mobilization or cAMP levels. EC50 values are determined from dose-response curves.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for 2-Hydroxydecanoic acid involve culturing cells expressing GPR84 or other relevant cell types. Cells are treated with the compound at varying concentrations (typically 0.1-100 µM), and signaling pathways are assessed. Calcium mobilization is measured using fluorescent indicators. cAMP levels are measured using ELISA. The compound's effects on cell proliferation, migration, or cytokine production may also be assessed.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for 2-Hydroxydecanoic acid have been conducted in rat models to assess its nootropic activity. The compound is typically administered orally or via injection. Cognitive function is assessed using behavioral tests such as the Morris water maze or passive avoidance test. Dosing regimens vary, with studies reporting activity at nanomolar concentrations.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
2-Hydroxydecanoic acid has a molecular weight of 188.27 g/mol and a molecular formula of C10H20O3. It is soluble in DMSO and should be stored at -20°C. The compound is available with a purity of ≥98%. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life, bioavailability, and tissue distribution are not extensively documented in publicly available sources.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
2-Hydroxydecanoic acid is generally considered safe for research use at appropriate concentrations. Comprehensive toxicological data are limited. The compound is a fatty acid found in bacterial lipopolysaccharides and is not known to be highly toxic. It is intended for research use only and is not approved for human therapeutic applications. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be taken when handling the compound.
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| Additional Infomation |
2-Hydroxydecanoic acid is a medium-chain fatty acid formed by replacing the hydroxyl group at the 2-position of decanoic acid. It is a 2-hydroxy fatty acid and also a medium-chain fatty acid. Functionally, it is related to decanoic acid. It is the conjugate acid of 2-hydroxydecanoic acid ester.
2-Hydroxydecanoic acid is a medium-chain 2-hydroxy fatty acid that functions as a GPR84 agonist and has demonstrated nootropic activity in rats at nanomolar concentrations. It is found in the lipopolysaccharide fraction of Pseudomonas ovalis. The compound is not approved for clinical use and is available for research purposes only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C10H20O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
188.27
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| Exact Mass |
188.141
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| CAS # |
5393-81-7
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| PubChem CID |
21488
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.011g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
318.9ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
73-75ºC
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| Flash Point |
160.9ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.464
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| LogP |
2.182
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
8
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| Heavy Atom Count |
13
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| Complexity |
134
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CCCCCCCCC(C(=O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
GHPVDCPCKSNJDR-VIFPVBQESA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H20O3/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9(11)10(12)13/h9,11H,2-8H2,1H3,(H,12,13)/t9-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(S)-2-hydroxydecanoic acid
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| Synonyms |
2-Hydroxydecanoic acid alpha-Hydroxydecanoic acid 2-Hydroxydecanoate(±)-α-hydroxy Decanoic Acid 2-hydroxy Decylic Acid α-hydroxy Decylic Acid NSC 4801(±)-2-hydroxy Decanoic Acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.3115 mL | 26.5576 mL | 53.1152 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0623 mL | 5.3115 mL | 10.6230 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5312 mL | 2.6558 mL | 5.3115 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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