| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg | |||
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| Targets |
In vitro, DCU is a potent inhibitor of human recombinant sEH with IC₅₀ values ranging from 25.3 nM to 52.0 nM, depending on assay conditions. One study reported an IC₅₀ of 25 nM against human full-length sEH. It demonstrates high solubility in sodium phosphate buffer and good metabolic stability in human liver microsomes (100% stability in the absence of NADPH). In AC16 human cells, it inhibits PTPC bioactivity by 28.0% at 1 μM, confirming cellular target engagement.
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| ln Vitro |
In vivo studies in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have demonstrated that oral administration of a DCU nanosuspension (30 mg/kg) effectively lowers blood pressure. This antihypertensive effect is attributed to sEH inhibition, which increases vasodilatory EET levels. The compound is orally bioavailable, and its efficacy in this model supports the therapeutic potential of sEH inhibition for cardiovascular diseases.
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| ln Vivo |
1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (Sprague Dawley rat, 30 mg/kg, PO, once) has demonstrated antihypertensive efficacy when reduced in particle size during milling, which enhances oral bioavailability and dissolution[1].
The sEH inhibitory activity of DCU is characterized using in vitro enzyme assays with recombinant human sEH (e.g., C-terminal His₆-tagged) expressed in E. coli. The assay measures the hydrolysis of a fluorogenic substrate, such as PHOME (3-phenyl-cyano(6-methoxy-2-naphthalenyl)methyl ester-2-oxiraneacetic acid), and the degree of inhibition by DCU. The IC₅₀ is calculated from dose-response curves, typically using a 96-well plate format with fluorescence detection. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In cellular assays, DCU's activity is assessed by treating human AC16 cells with the compound (e.g., at 1 μM) and measuring its effects on sEH-related pathways. For instance, inhibition of PTPC (permeability transition pore complex) bioactivity is quantified as a percentage reduction relative to control. Cells are incubated with the compound for a defined period, and downstream markers or functional readouts are measured to confirm target engagement and cellular efficacy.
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| Cell Assay |
The primary in vivo model for DCU is the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). DCU is formulated as a nanosuspension to improve its poor aqueous solubility and enhance oral bioavailability. A single oral dose of 30 mg/kg is administered via gavage, and blood pressure is monitored over time. This model has demonstrated significant antihypertensive effects, providing key evidence for the therapeutic potential of sEH inhibition.
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| Animal Protocol |
DCU exhibits poor aqueous solubility, which limits its oral bioavailability. To overcome this, nanosuspension formulations are used to enhance dissolution rate and systemic exposure. It shows good metabolic stability in human liver microsomes (100% remaining without NADPH). Pharmacokinetic parameters such as Cmax and AUC are improved with nanosuspension, enabling effective in vivo dosing.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
DCU is classified as a dangerous good for transport and may cause eye and skin irritation upon acute exposure. It is intended for research use only and not for human therapeutic application. For storage, it is recommended as a powder at -20°C (stable for 3 years) or in solvent at -80°C (stable for 1 year). Standard laboratory safety practices should be followed when handling.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Beyond its role as a potent sEH inhibitor, DCU is most commonly encountered as an unwanted byproduct in DCC-mediated peptide synthesis; its low solubility allows easy removal by filtration. It is also an endogenous compound found in human serum, suggesting a possible physiological role in sEH regulation. Its urea pharmacophore is a key motif for sEH inhibition, serving as a lead for drug discovery in inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
1,3-Dicyclohexylurea is a type of urea compound.
1,3-Dicyclohexylurea (DCU) is a substituted urea compound with CAS number 2387-23-7. It is a potent inhibitor of juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) and a byproduct of DCC in peptide synthesis. It has a molecular formula of C₁₃H₂₄N₂O and a molecular weight of 224.34. |
| Molecular Formula |
C13H24N2O
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
224.34246
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| Exact Mass |
224.188
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| CAS # |
2387-23-7
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| PubChem CID |
4277
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
364.3±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
232-233 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
174.1±23.2 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.8 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.586
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| LogP |
3.85
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
16
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| Complexity |
196
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
ADFXKUOMJKEIND-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C13H24N2O/c16-13(14-11-7-3-1-4-8-11)15-12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h11-12H,1-10H2,(H2,14,15,16)
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| Chemical Name |
1,3-dicyclohexylurea
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~5 mg/mL (~22.29 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.4575 mL | 22.2876 mL | 44.5752 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8915 mL | 4.4575 mL | 8.9150 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4458 mL | 2.2288 mL | 4.4575 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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