| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Targets |
beta-Amyloid 1-15 is produced by concerted beta- and alpha-secretase cleavage of amyloid-beta protein precursor (AbetaPP). The peptide appears to be a sensitive acute pharmacodynamic biomarker for gamma-secretase inhibition. Compared with measuring longer cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Abeta species, beta-Amyloid (1-15) may offer several advantages as a biomarker. The peptide is not a drug targeting a specific receptor but rather a substrate fragment used to monitor secretase enzyme activity.
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| ln Vitro |
β- and α-secretase enzymes work together to cleave the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP), resulting in the production of β-Amyloid(1–15). monitoring β-Amyloid(1-15) may offer various benefits over monitoring longer CSF Aβ species, as it seems to be a sensitive acute pharmacodynamic indicator of γ-secretase inhibition. [1].
beta-Amyloid (1-15) is used in vitro as a biomarker substrate to monitor gamma-secretase activity. The peptide is produced by concerted beta- and alpha-secretase cleavage of amyloid-beta protein precursor (AbetaPP). In cellular or biochemical assays, the production or levels of beta-Amyloid (1-15) reflect the activity of gamma-secretase, making it a sensitive acute pharmacodynamic biomarker for gamma-secretase inhibition. The peptide itself does not exhibit intrinsic biological activity; its value lies in its utility as a readout for secretase enzyme activity. |
| ln Vivo |
beta-Amyloid (1-15) is not a therapeutic compound and does not have intrinsic in vivo activity. The peptide is used as a biomarker to monitor gamma-secretase activity in vivo. In animal models of Alzheimer's disease or in clinical studies, levels of beta-Amyloid (1-15) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or plasma are measured as a pharmacodynamic readout of gamma-secretase inhibition. The peptide is produced endogenously through secretase cleavage of APP and its levels reflect the activity of the gamma-secretase enzyme complex.
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| Enzyme Assay |
beta-Amyloid (1-15) is not used in receptor binding assays as it is not a receptor ligand. The peptide is used as a substrate or analyte in enzymatic assays for secretase activity. In cell-free assays, recombinant or purified gamma-secretase complexes are incubated with APP-derived substrates, and the production of beta-Amyloid (1-15) is measured by immunoassay or mass spectrometry. The peptide can also be used as a standard for quantitative measurement of Abeta species in biological samples.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for beta-Amyloid (1-15) involve the culture of cells expressing APP or APP fragments. Cells are treated with gamma-secretase inhibitors or modulators, and the levels of beta-Amyloid (1-15) secreted into the culture medium are measured by ELISA, immunoprecipitation, or mass spectrometry. The peptide serves as a sensitive biomarker for gamma-secretase activity in these cellular models. The assay can be used to screen for compounds that modulate gamma-secretase activity.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies involving beta-Amyloid (1-15) typically measure endogenous levels of the peptide in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or plasma following administration of gamma-secretase inhibitors or modulators. Animal models such as APP transgenic mice or wild-type rodents are used. Following compound administration, CSF or plasma samples are collected at various time points, and beta-Amyloid (1-15) levels are quantified by specific immunoassays. The peptide serves as a sensitive acute pharmacodynamic biomarker for gamma-secretase inhibition in vivo.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
beta-Amyloid (1-15) is an endogenous peptide fragment produced by secretase cleavage of APP. As a biomarker, its levels in CSF and plasma reflect gamma-secretase activity. The peptide has a relatively short half-life in biological fluids and is cleared through normal peptide degradation pathways. Pharmacokinetic properties of the peptide itself are not typically studied as it is not a therapeutic agent but rather a biomarker analyte.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
beta-Amyloid (1-15) is a synthetic peptide fragment used for research purposes. Comprehensive toxicology data for this peptide are not applicable as it is not a therapeutic compound. The peptide is used as a research tool and biomarker, not for administration as a drug. Standard laboratory safety practices should be followed when handling the peptide, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
beta-Amyloid (1-15) is a synthetic peptide fragment corresponding to residues 1-15 of the human amyloid beta protein, used as a research tool in Alzheimer's disease studies. It is produced by beta- and alpha-secretase cleavage of APP and serves as a sensitive acute pharmacodynamic biomarker for gamma-secretase inhibition. Compared with measuring longer CSF Abeta species, this fragment may offer advantages as a biomarker. The peptide is for research use only and is not approved for diagnostic or therapeutic applications.
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| Molecular Formula |
C78H107N25O27
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1826.83549618721
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| Exact Mass |
1825.776
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| CAS # |
183745-81-5
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| PubChem CID |
91977001
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
-9.7
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
29
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
32
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
59
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| Heavy Atom Count |
130
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| Complexity |
3930
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O=C([C@H](C(C)C)NC([C@@H](CCC(=O)O)NC([C@@H](CC1C=CC(=CC=1)O)NC(CNC([C@@H](CO)NC([C@@H](CC(=O)O)NC([C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)NC([C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC([C@@H](CC1C=CC=CC=1)NC([C@@H](CCC(=O)O)NC([C@@H](C)NC([C@@H](CC(=O)O)N)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(=O)O)CCC(N)=O)=O)CC1=CNC=N1)=O)CC1=CNC=N1
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| InChi Key |
CSCAPVBQOYQJJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C78H107N25O27/c1-37(2)63(76(128)101-54(26-43-31-85-36-90-43)74(126)99-52(24-41-29-83-34-88-41)72(124)96-49(77(129)130)15-18-57(80)106)103-69(121)48(17-20-60(110)111)95-70(122)50(23-40-11-13-44(105)14-12-40)92-58(107)32-87-66(118)56(33-104)102-75(127)55(28-62(114)115)100-73(125)53(25-42-30-84-35-89-42)98-67(119)46(10-7-21-86-78(81)82)94-71(123)51(22-39-8-5-4-6-9-39)97-68(120)47(16-19-59(108)109)93-64(116)38(3)91-65(117)45(79)27-61(112)113/h4-6,8-9,11-14,29-31,34-38,45-56,63,104-105H,7,10,15-28,32-33,79H2,1-3H3,(H2,80,106)(H,83,88)(H,84,89)(H,85,90)(H,87,118)(H,91,117)(H,92,107)(H,93,116)(H,94,123)(H,95,122)(H,96,124)(H,97,120)(H,98,119)(H,99,126)(H,100,125)(H,101,128)(H,102,127)(H,103,121)(H,108,109)(H,110,111)(H,112,113)(H,114,115)(H,129,130)(H4,81,82,86)
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| Chemical Name |
5-amino-2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[2-[(2-amino-3-carboxypropanoyl)amino]propanoylamino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). This product is not stable in solution, please use freshly prepared working solution for optimal results. (2). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~50 mg/mL (~27.37 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.5474 mL | 2.7370 mL | 5.4739 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1095 mL | 0.5474 mL | 1.0948 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0547 mL | 0.2737 mL | 0.5474 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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