Synephrine

Alias: Oxedrine; Synephrine (racemate); Synephrine (+/-); (+/-)-Synephrine

Cat No.:V1128 Purity: ≥98%

COA Product Data Instructions for use SDS

Synephrine [Synephrine (+/-); (+/-)-Synephrine; Oxedrine], a naturally occurring protoalkaloid found in and extracted from bitter orange and other citrus species, is commonly used for weight loss.

Synephrine Chemical Structure CAS No.: 94-07-5
Product category: Adrenergic Receptor

This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.

Size	Price	Stock	Qty
25mg
50mg
100mg
250mg
500mg
1g
Other Sizes

ADD TO CART CHECKOUT BULK INQUIRY

1-708-310-1919 sales@invivochem.com

Other Forms of Synephrine:

Official Supplier of:

Top Publications Citing lnvivochem Products

Nature 2021, 597(7874):119-125.

Cell 2020,183:1202-1218.e25.

Science Adv 2022: 8, eabm9427.

Nature 597, 119–125 (2021)

Cell Stem Cell 2020,26(6):845-861.e12.

Science Trans Med 2023,15(701):eadd7872.

STTT 2023,8(1):91.

Cell Reports 2023,42(4):112313

Science Trans Med 2023, 15: eadd7872.

Cancer Cell 2021,39(4):529-547.e7.

Cancer Discov 2022,12(4):1106-1127.

Immunity 2023,56(3):620-634.e11.

J Am Chem Soc 2022,144:21831-21836.

Cell 2020,183:1202-1218.e25.

Science Adv 2022:8,eabm9427.

Nature 2021,597(7874):119-125.

Cell 2020,183:1202-1218.e25.

PNAS Nexus 2022,1(3):pgac063.

ACS Nano 2023,17(10):9110-9125.

Biomaterial 2023 Sep16:302:122333.

Purity & Quality Control Documentation

Current batch：

Purity: ≥98%

COA

MSDS

Instructions

Product Description
Bioactivity & Protocols
Physicochemical Properties
Solubility Data
Calculators
Biological Data

Product Description

Synephrine [Synephrine (+/-); (+/-)-Synephrine; Oxedrine], a naturally occurring protoalkaloid found in and extracted from bitter orange and other citrus species, is commonly used for weight loss. Ephedrine has been substituted with synephrine. Adverse cardiovascular reactions are suspected in products containing synephrine or bitter orange. In L6 skeletal muscle cells, synephrine can promote glucose consumption (Glut4-dependent glucose uptake) by upregulating AMPK activity, independent of insulin-stimulated PI3 kinase-Akt activity.

Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)

Targets

β adrenergic receptor

ln Vitro

In vitro activity: Synephrine is a substance that is frequently used to reduce weight. Synephrine has become a highly sought-after substitute for ephedrine. Products that contain synephrine or bitter orange may cause negative cardiovascular reactions. Regardless of insulin-stimulated PI3 kinase-Akt activity in L6 skeletal muscle cells, synephrine can promote glucose consumption (Glut4-dependent glucose uptake) by upregulating AMPK activity.

ln Vivo

Synephrine (1 mg/kg; oral gavage; for 8 days; PVL and BDL rats) significantly reduces the hyperdynamic state in both PVL and BDL rats. Synephrine treatment results in significant reductions in portal venous pressure, portal tributary blood flow, and cardiac index in PVL and BDL rats, but increases in mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and portal territory vascular resistance.

Animal Protocol

Portal vein ligation (PVL) or bile duct ligation (BDL) rats
1 mg/kg per 12 hours
Oral gavage; for 8 days

References

[1]. Int J Med Sci . 2012;9(7):527-38.

[2]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun . 2012 Feb 24;418(4):720-4.

These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula

C9H13NO2

Molecular Weight

167.21

Exact Mass

167.09

Elemental Analysis

C, 64.65; H, 7.84; N, 8.38; O, 19.14

CAS #

94-07-5

Related CAS #

Synephrine hydrochloride; 5985-28-4; Synephrine hemitartrate; 16589-24-5; 614-35-7 (R-isomer)

Appearance

Solid powder

SMILES

CNCC(C1=CC=C(C=C1)O)O

InChi Key

YRCWQPVGYLYSOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChi Code

InChI=1S/C9H13NO2/c1-10-6-9(12)7-2-4-8(11)5-3-7/h2-5,9-12H,6H2,1H3

Chemical Name

4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol

Synonyms

Oxedrine; Synephrine (racemate); Synephrine (+/-); (+/-)-Synephrine

HS Tariff Code

2934.99.03.00

Storage

Powder -20°C 3 years

4°C 2 years

In solvent -80°C 6 months

-20°C 1 month

Shipping Condition

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO: 33~83.3 mg/mL (197.3~498.4 mM)

Water: <1 mg/mL

Ethanol: ~2 mg/mL (~12 mM)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	5.9805 mL	29.9025 mL	59.8050 mL
	5 mM	1.1961 mL	5.9805 mL	11.9610 mL
	10 mM	0.5981 mL	2.9903 mL	5.9805 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

Calculator

Mass

Concentration

Volume

Molecular Weight*

Calculate Reset

Molarity Calculator allows you to calculate the mass, volume, and/or concentration required for a solution, as detailed below:

Calculate the Mass of a compound required to prepare a solution of known volume and concentration
Calculate the Volume of solution required to dissolve a compound of known mass to a desired concentration
Calculate the Concentration of a solution resulting from a known mass of compound in a specific volume

See Example

An example of molarity calculation using the molarity calculator is shown below:
What is the mass of compound required to make a 10 mM stock solution in 5 ml of DMSO given that the molecular weight of the compound is 350.26 g/mol?

Enter 350.26 in the Molecular Weight (MW) box
Enter 10 in the Concentration box and choose the correct unit (mM)
Enter 5 in the Volume box and choose the correct unit (mL)
Click the “Calculate” button
The answer of 17.513 mg appears in the Mass box. In a similar way, you may calculate the volume and concentration.

Concentration (Start)

Volume (Start)

Concentration (End)

Volume (End)

Calculate Reset

Dilution Calculator allows you to calculate how to dilute a stock solution of known concentrations. For example, you may Enter C1, C2 & V2 to calculate V1, as detailed below:

What volume of a given 10 mM stock solution is required to make 25 ml of a 25 μM solution?
Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, where C1=10 mM, C2=25 μM, V2=25 ml and V1 is the unknown:

Enter 10 into the Concentration (Start) box and choose the correct unit (mM)
Enter 25 into the Concentration (End) box and select the correct unit (mM)
Enter 25 into the Volume (End) box and choose the correct unit (mL)
Click the “Calculate” button
The answer of 62.5 μL (0.1 ml) appears in the Volume (Start) box

Molecular formula

Total molecular weight

g/mol

Calculate Reset

Molecular Weight Calculator allows you to calculate the molar mass and elemental composition of a compound, as detailed below:

Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4 c12h18n3o4
Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:

To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound, please enter the chemical/molecular formula and click the “Calculate’ button.

Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:

Molecular mass (or molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.

Volume (to add to vial)

Mass (in vial)

Desired Reconstitution Concentration

Calculate Reset

Reconstitution Calculator allows you to calculate the volume of solvent required to reconstitute your vial.

Enter the mass of the reagent and the desired reconstitution concentration as well as the correct units
Click the “Calculate” button
The answer appears in the Volume (to add to vial) box

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)

Dosage mg/kg

Average weight of animals g

Dosing volume per animal μL

Number of animals

Step 2: Enter in vivo formulation (This is only a calculator, not the exact formulation for a specific product. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation in the solubility section.)

% DMSO

% Tween 80

% ddH₂O

Calculate Reset

Calculation results

Working concentration： mg/mL；

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O，mix and clarify.

Note： (1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.

Biological Data

Chemical structure of p-synephrine. Int J Med Sci . 2012;9(7):527-38.
Chemical structure of m-synephrine. Int J Med Sci . 2012;9(7):527-38.