| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| 2g |
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| 5g |
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Naringenin (S-Dihydrogenistein; Salipurol; NSC 11855; NSC-11855; NSC11855) is a naturally occuring flavanone extracted from plant food (e.g. grapefruit) with various biological activity such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, carbohydrate metabolism promoter, free radical scavenger, and immune system modulator.
| ln Vitro |
It has been demonstrated that naringenin inhibits HepG2 cell proliferation, which is partially due to cell accumulation in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. Nuclei damage and a higher percentage of apoptotic cells are indications that naringenin induces apoptosis. Increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratios, cytochrome C release, and caspase-3 activation all indicate that naringenin initiates the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway[1]. A431 cells exposed to naringenin exhibit a dose-dependent increase in nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation along with a significant reduction in cell viability. Naringenin-induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle is demonstrated by cell cycle studies, and caspase-3 analysis reveals a dose-dependent increase in caspase-3 activity that results in cell apoptosis[2].
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| ln Vivo |
The level of cholesterol and total triglycerides in plasma and the liver are significantly reduced when naringenin supplementation is taken. Furthermore, naringenin administration reduces the levels of triglycerides and adiposity in parametrial adipose tissue. The livers of rats administered neringenin exhibit a substantial upregulation of the PPARα protein. Treatment with naringenin dramatically increases the expression of CPT-1 and UCP2, which are known to be controlled by PPARα[3]. Naringenin enhances the oxidation of hepatic fatty acids by means of a transcription program driven by PPARγ coactivator 1α/PPARα. By lowering fasting hyperinsulinemia, it inhibits the liver's and muscle's sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c-mediated lipogenesis. Hepatic cholesterol and the production of cholesterol ester are reduced by naringenin[4]. Naringenin exhibits dose-dependent inhibition of TNF-α-induced VSMC migration and proliferation. Naringenin inhibits p38 MAPK and JNK but not ERK/MAPK and Akt phosphorylation, according to mechanistic research. Additionally, naringenin prevents TNF-α-induced increases in ROS production [5].
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| References |
[1]. Arul D, et al. Naringenin (citrus flavonone) induces growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Pathol Oncol Res. 2013 Oct;19(4):763-70.
[2]. Ahamad MS, et al. Induction of apoptosis and antiproliferative activity of naringenin in human epidermoid carcinomacell through ROS generation and cell cycle arrest. PLoS One. 2014 Oct 16;9(10):e110003. [3]. Cho KW, et al. Dietary naringenin increases hepatic peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α proteinexpression and decreases plasma triglyceride and adiposity in rats. Eur J Nutr. 2011 Mar;50(2):81-8. [4]. Mulvihill EE, et al. Naringenin prevents dyslipidemia, apolipoprotein B overproduction, and hyperinsulinemia in LDLreceptor-null mice with diet-induced insulin resistance. Diabetes. 2009 Oct;58(10):2198-210. [5]. Chen S, et al. Naringenin inhibits TNF-α induced VSMC proliferation and migration via induction of HO-1. Food Chem Toxicol. 2012 Sep;50(9):3025-31. [6]. Frabasile S, et al. The citrus flavanone naringenin impairs dengue virus replication in human cells. Sci Rep. 2017 Feb 3;7:41864 |
| Molecular Formula |
C15H12O5
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| Molecular Weight |
272.25
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| CAS # |
480-41-1
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| Related CAS # |
Naringenin-d4;1192260-78-8;(±)-Naringenin;67604-48-2
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| SMILES |
O1C2=C([H])C(=C([H])C(=C2C(C([H])([H])[C@@]1([H])C1C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C=1[H])O[H])=O)O[H])O[H]
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| Synonyms |
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 3 mg/mL (11.02 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 30.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 3 mg/mL (11.02 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 30.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 3 mg/mL (11.02 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.6731 mL | 18.3655 mL | 36.7309 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7346 mL | 3.6731 mL | 7.3462 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3673 mL | 1.8365 mL | 3.6731 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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