| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Endogenous Metabolite; Microbial Metabolite
DL-Glutamine does not have a specific therapeutic target but is a fundamental metabolite. L-Glutamine serves as a substrate for various enzymes, including glutaminase and glutamine synthetase, and is a precursor for the synthesis of proteins, nucleotides, and neurotransmitters. It is also a key energy source for rapidly dividing cells, such as immune cells and enterocytes. The D-enantiomer is not naturally occurring and is used primarily in research. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Glutamine is an alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4. It has a role as a fundamental metabolite. It is an alpha-amino acid and a polar amino acid. It contains a 3-amino-3-oxopropyl group. It is a conjugate base of a glutaminium. It is a conjugate acid of a glutaminate.
In vitro, glutamine is an essential nutrient for many cell types and is a standard component of cell culture media. It serves as a primary energy source and a precursor for the biosynthesis of other amino acids, nucleotides, and proteins. DL-Glutamine is used in research to study glutamine metabolism and its role in cell proliferation and survival. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the blood and is critical for various physiological functions. It is a key regulator of acid-base balance, a nitrogen donor for many biosynthetic pathways, and a primary fuel for the immune system and intestinal cells. DL-Glutamine is not used clinically; L-glutamine is the biologically active form and is used as a dietary supplement, particularly in catabolic states.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro non-cell enzyme assays for glutamine typically involve measuring the activity of glutaminase, which converts glutamine to glutamate. In this assay, glutamine is incubated with the enzyme, and the production of glutamate or ammonia is measured. This is used to study the kinetics of glutaminase and the effects of potential inhibitors.
|
| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for glutamine are fundamental to cell culture. Cells are cultured in media with varying concentrations of glutamine to study its effects on cell growth, metabolism, and survival. Its depletion is used to study metabolic stress and autophagy. These assays are standard in many areas of cell biology.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for glutamine often involve models of critical illness, such as sepsis or trauma, to study the effects of glutamine supplementation on recovery and immune function. Animals are fed diets supplemented with glutamine, and parameters like immune cell function, gut barrier integrity, and nitrogen balance are assessed.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
DL-Glutamine has a molecular weight of 146.14 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₅H₁₀N₂O₃. It is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol. It has a decomposition point of 185-186°C. As a small, polar amino acid, it is well-absorbed and participates in normal metabolic pathways. L-Glutamine has a short half-life in circulation.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Glutamine is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and is non-toxic. It is an endogenous metabolite. High doses may cause gastrointestinal distress. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound.
|
| Additional Infomation |
Glutamine is an α-amino acid composed of butyric acid, with an amino group at position 2 and a carbamoyl group at position 4. It is an important metabolite. Glutamine is an α-amino acid and also a polar amino acid. It contains a 3-amino-3-oxopropyl group. This 3-aminopropyl group is the conjugate base of glutamine and the conjugate acid of glutamate. DL-glutamine has been reported to exist in Drosophila melanogaster, alfalfa, and other organisms with relevant data. See also: Glutamine (note moved to).
DL-Glutamine is a racemic mixture of glutamine, a fundamental amino acid metabolite. It is used in biochemical research and drug synthesis. L-Glutamine is a key nutrient for cell culture and is used clinically as a dietary supplement. It is not approved as a drug but is used in research and as a nutritional supplement. |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H10N2O3
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
146.1445
|
| Exact Mass |
146.069
|
| Elemental Analysis |
C, 41.09; H, 6.90; N, 19.17; O, 32.84
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| CAS # |
6899-04-3
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| Related CAS # |
D-Glutamine;5959-95-5;L-Glutamine;56-85-9
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| PubChem CID |
738
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
445.6±40.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
177℃
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| Flash Point |
223.3±27.3 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.3 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.524
|
| LogP |
-1.67
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
10
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| Complexity |
146
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
C(CC(=O)N)C(C(=O)O)N
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| InChi Key |
ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H10N2O3/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h3H,1-2,6H2,(H2,7,8)(H,9,10)
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| Chemical Name |
2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid
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| Synonyms |
DL-Glutamine; 6899-04-3; 585-21-7; 2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid; glutamin; H-DL-Gln-OH; Glutamine, DL-; 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid;
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~33.33 mg/mL (~228.07 mM)
DMSO : ~1 mg/mL (~6.84 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 50 mg/mL (342.14 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.8428 mL | 34.2138 mL | 68.4275 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3686 mL | 6.8428 mL | 13.6855 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6843 mL | 3.4214 mL | 6.8428 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02998931
Conditions:Critical Illness|Enteral Nutrition|Multiple Organ Failure|Infection Complication|InflammationLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03113240
Conditions:Critical Illness|Enteral Nutrition|Intestinal PermeabilityProducts are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
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