| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| 2g |
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| 5g |
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| 10g |
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| 50g |
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Purity: ≥98%
D-glutamine (also known as H-D-Gln-OH), an unnatural isomer of glutamine, is a D type stereoisomer of glutamine which is one of the 20 amino acids encoded by the standard genetic code. In catabolic states of injury and illness, glutamine becomes conditionally-essential (requiring intake from food or supplements). Glutamine is the most abundant naturally occurring, non-essential amino acid in the human body and one of the few amino acids that can directly cross the blood–brain barrier. Glutamine is a key pharmaconutrient in the body's response to stress and injury.
| ln Vitro |
In the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle (GGC), glutamine is a crucial amino acid in the central nervous system (CNS). In order to replenish the pools of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, glutamine is moved from astrocytes to neurons in the GGC[1]. The function of D-glutamine in providing protection against acetaldehyde-induced disruption of barrier function in Caco-2 cell monolayer has been investigated. The Caco-2 cell monolayer is used to assess the role of glutamine in shielding the intestinal epithelium from acetaldehyde-induced loss of barrier function. In a time- and dose-dependent way, L-glutamine mitigated the acetaldehyde-induced decrease in transepithelilal electrical resistance and increase in permeability to inulin and lipopolysaccharide; no discernible protection was produced by D-glutamine, L-aspargine, L-arginine, L-lysine, or L-alanine. Additionally, acetaldehyde-induced TER drop and inulin flux increase are not affected by D-glutamine. Glutaminase or D-glutamine as an inhibitor did not affect TER or inulin flow in cell monolayers treated with acetaldehyde or left in control. The fact that D-glutamine has no effect on acetaldehyde protection suggests that L-glutamine mediates stereospecific protection[2].
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| ln Vivo |
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| Animal Protocol |
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| References |
[1]. Leke R, et al. The Glutamine Transporters and Their Role in the Glutamate/GABA-Glutamine Cycle. Adv Neurobiol. 2016;13:223-257.
[2]. Seth A, et al. L-Glutamine ameliorates acetaldehyde-induced increase in paracellular permeability in Caco-2 cellmonolayer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2004 Sep;287(3):G510-7 |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H10N2O3
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| Molecular Weight |
146.14
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| CAS # |
5959-95-5
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| Related CAS # |
DL-Glutamine;6899-04-3;L-Glutamine;56-85-9
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| SMILES |
N[ C@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O
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| Synonyms |
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 12.5 mg/mL (85.53 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication (<60°C).
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.8428 mL | 34.2138 mL | 68.4275 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3686 mL | 6.8428 mL | 13.6855 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6843 mL | 3.4214 mL | 6.8428 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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