Daunorubicin HCl (Daunomycin)

Alias: Daunomycin HCl; RP 13057; Rubidomycin; RP-13057; RP13057; Daunomycin hydrochloride; daunomycin HCl; daunorubidomycine; US trade names: Cerubidine; Rubidomycin; Foreign brand names: Cerubidin; Daunoblastin; Daunoblastina; Ondena; Rubilem; Abbreviations: DNM; DNR; DRB; Code names: FI6339; RP13057

Cat No.:V1400 Purity: ≥98%

COA Product Data Instructions for use SDS

Daunorubicin HCl (Daunomycin; RP-13057; Rubidomycin; Ondena; Rubilem; DNM; DNR; DRB; FI6339; RP13057), the hydrochloride salt of daunorubicin, is an anthracycline analog and a topoisomerase II inhibitor which is approved for use as an antibiotic and chemotherapeutic drug.

Daunorubicin HCl (Daunomycin) Chemical Structure CAS No.: 23541-50-6
Product category: Topoisomerase

This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.

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Top Publications Citing lnvivochem Products

Nature 2021, 597(7874):119-125.

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J Am Chem Soc 2022,144:21831-21836.

Cell 2020,183:1202-1218.e25.

Science Adv 2022:8,eabm9427.

Nature 2021,597(7874):119-125.

Cell 2020,183:1202-1218.e25.

PNAS Nexus 2022,1(3):pgac063.

ACS Nano 2023,17(10):9110-9125.

Biomaterial 2023 Sep16:302:122333.

Purity & Quality Control Documentation

Current batch：

Purity: ≥98%

COA

MSDS

NMR

Instructions

Product Description
Bioactivity & Protocols
Physicochemical Properties
Solubility Data
Calculators
Clinical Trial Information
Biological Data

Product Description

Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)

Targets

Daunorubicins/Doxorubicins; Topoisomerase II

ln Vitro

Daunorubicin hydrochloride (0-256 μg/mL, 30 min) inhibits the synthesis of DNA and RNA in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, both sensitive and resistant[2].
Daunorubicin hydrochloride (7 nM-1.9 μM, 72 h) exhibits chemosensitivity in Molt-4 cells and L3.6 cells[3][4].
Daunorubicin hydrochloride (0.4 μM, 48 h) causes necrosis and apoptosis in L3.6 cells[4].
Daunorubicin hydrochloride (0.4 μM, 120 min) causes ROS generation in L3.6 cells[4].
Daunorubicin hydrochloride (2 μM, 24 h) induces autophagy in K562 cells (myeloid cell line)[6].

ln Vivo

Daunorubicin hydrochloride (three intravenous injections at 48-hour intervals, at a dose of 3 mg/kg). causes rats to become nephrotoxic and cardiotoxic[5].
Daunorubicin hydrochloride (intraperitoneal injection, 10 mg/kg) causes sister chromatid exchanges in mice[7].

Cell Assay

Cell Line: Molt-4 cells (a human T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell line), L3.6 cells (metastatic human pancreatic cell line)
Concentration: 7 nM-1.9 μM
Incubation Time: 72 h
Result: Inhibited cell viability with IC50 values of 40 nM (Molt-4) and 400 nM (L3.6).

Animal Protocol

Male Sprague-Dawley rats eight weeks of age are employed. Two more weeks are spent acclimating and keeping the animals in quarantine before the experiments begin. Day 0: A single intravenous injection of Daunorubicin (3 mg/kg) is given to each animal. To achieve an accumulative dose of 9 mg/kg, daunorubicin is given in three equal injections spaced 48 hours apart over the course of one week. It is well known that this dosage will cause nephrotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. As a control, age-matched rats (group Control; n=5) are injected with corresponding volumes of 0.9% NaCl. Twenty-two DNR-treated rats were split into two groups at random and given either a vehicle (group Daunorubicin; n = 12) or Telmisartan (10 mg/kg/day; group Daunorubicin+Telmisartan; n = 10). A prior report is used to determine the dosage of Telmisartan. Telmisartan is administered for 5 weeks after stopping Daunorubicin administration, commencing on the same day as Daunorubicin administration (6 weeks total). The length of the study was selected based on earlier reports. Rats are individually housed in metabolic cages on day 41, and urine samples are collected every 24 hours to measure protein concentrations and body weight (BW). Rats are sacrificed and kidney tissue is taken for semi-quantitative immunoblotting and immunohistochemical investigations after the six-week study period.
Rats known as Sprague-Dawley

References

[1]. Activity of topoisomerase inhibitors daunorubicin, idarubicin, and aclarubicin in the Drosophila Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2004;43(4):250-7.

[2]. Inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis by daunorubicin in sensitive and resistant Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vitro. Cancer Res. 1972 Jun;32(6):1307-14.

[3]. Melanin inhibits cytotoxic effects of Doxorubicin and Daunorubicin in MOLT 4 cells. Pigment Cell Res. 2003 Aug;16(4):351-4.

[4]. An effective in vitro antitumor response against human pancreatic carcinoma with paclitaxel and Daunorubicin by induction of both necrosis and apoptosis. Anticancer Res. 2004 Sep-Oct;24(5A):2617-26.

[5]. Telmisartan prevents the progression of renal injury in daunorubicin rats with the alteration of angiotensin II and endothelin-1 receptor expression associated with its PPAR-γ agonist actions. Toxicology. 2011 Jan 11;279(1-3):91-9.

[6]. MiR-15a-5p Confers Chemoresistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Inhibiting Autophagy Induced by Daunorubicin. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 May 13;22(10):5153.

[7]. Doxorubicin suppresses chondrocyte differentiation by stimulating ROS production. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2021 Dec 1;167:106013.

These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C27H29NO10.HCL
Molecular Weight	563.98
Exact Mass	563.16
Elemental Analysis	C, 57.50; H, 5.36; Cl, 6.29; N, 2.48; O, 28.37
CAS #	23541-50-6
Related CAS #	1884557-85-0;20830-81-3
Appearance	Red solid powder
SMILES	C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2C[C@@](CC3=C2C(=C4C(=C3O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(=CC=C5)OC)O)(C(=O)C)O)N)O.Cl
InChi Key	GUGHGUXZJWAIAS-QQYBVWGSSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C27H29NO10.ClH/c1-10-22(30)14(28)7-17(37-10)38-16-9-27(35,11(2)29)8-13-19(16)26(34)21-20(24(13)32)23(31)12-5-4-6-15(36-3)18(12)25(21)33;/h4-6,10,14,16-17,22,30,32,34-35H,7-9,28H2,1-3H3;1H/t10-,14-,16-,17-,22+,27-;/m0./s1
Chemical Name	(7S,9S)-9-acetyl-7-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione;hydrochloride
Synonyms	Daunomycin HCl; RP 13057; Rubidomycin; RP-13057; RP13057; Daunomycin hydrochloride; daunomycin HCl; daunorubidomycine; US trade names: Cerubidine; Rubidomycin; Foreign brand names: Cerubidin; Daunoblastin; Daunoblastina; Ondena; Rubilem; Abbreviations: DNM; DNR; DRB; Code names: FI6339; RP13057
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO: 50~100 mg/mL (88.7~177.3 mM)

Water: ~100 mg/mL (177.3 mM)

Ethanol: <1 mg/mL

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.69 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.69 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 3: Saline: 30 mg/mL

Solubility in Formulation 4: 33.33 mg/mL (59.10 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication.

(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	1.7731 mL	8.8656 mL	17.7311 mL
	5 mM	0.3546 mL	1.7731 mL	3.5462 mL
	10 mM	0.1773 mL	0.8866 mL	1.7731 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

Calculator

Mass

Concentration

Volume

Molecular Weight*

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Molarity Calculator allows you to calculate the mass, volume, and/or concentration required for a solution, as detailed below:

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See Example

An example of molarity calculation using the molarity calculator is shown below:
What is the mass of compound required to make a 10 mM stock solution in 5 ml of DMSO given that the molecular weight of the compound is 350.26 g/mol?

Enter 350.26 in the Molecular Weight (MW) box
Enter 10 in the Concentration box and choose the correct unit (mM)
Enter 5 in the Volume box and choose the correct unit (mL)
Click the “Calculate” button
The answer of 17.513 mg appears in the Mass box. In a similar way, you may calculate the volume and concentration.

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Concentration (End)

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Dilution Calculator allows you to calculate how to dilute a stock solution of known concentrations. For example, you may Enter C1, C2 & V2 to calculate V1, as detailed below:

What volume of a given 10 mM stock solution is required to make 25 ml of a 25 μM solution?
Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, where C1=10 mM, C2=25 μM, V2=25 ml and V1 is the unknown:

Enter 10 into the Concentration (Start) box and choose the correct unit (mM)
Enter 25 into the Concentration (End) box and select the correct unit (mM)
Enter 25 into the Volume (End) box and choose the correct unit (mL)
Click the “Calculate” button
The answer of 62.5 μL (0.1 ml) appears in the Volume (Start) box

Molecular formula

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Molecular Weight Calculator allows you to calculate the molar mass and elemental composition of a compound, as detailed below:

Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4 c12h18n3o4
Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:

To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound, please enter the chemical/molecular formula and click the “Calculate’ button.

Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:

Molecular mass (or molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.

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Reconstitution Calculator allows you to calculate the volume of solvent required to reconstitute your vial.

Enter the mass of the reagent and the desired reconstitution concentration as well as the correct units
Click the “Calculate” button
The answer appears in the Volume (to add to vial) box

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)

Dosage mg/kg

Average weight of animals g

Dosing volume per animal μL

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Step 2: Enter in vivo formulation (This is only a calculator, not the exact formulation for a specific product. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation in the solubility section.)

% DMSO

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Calculation results

Working concentration： mg/mL；

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O，mix and clarify.

Note： (1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.

Clinical Trial Information

NCT Number	Recruitment	interventions	Conditions	Sponsor/Collaborators	Start Date	Phases
NCT02085408	Active Recruiting	Drug: Daunorubicin Drug: Cytarabine	Adult Acute Monocytic Leukemia (M5b) Adult Erythroleukemia (M6a)	ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group	February 4, 2011	Phase 3
NCT02013648	Active Recruiting	Drug: Daunorubicin Drug: Idarubicin	Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)	University of Ulm	July 2014	Phase 3
NCT03836209	Active Recruiting	Drug: Daunorubicin Drug: Cytarabine	Acute Myeloid Leukemia	PrECOG, LLC.	December 6, 2019	Phase 2
NCT03709758	Recruiting	Drug: Venetoclax Drug: Daunorubicin	Acute Myeloid Leukemia	Dana-Farber Cancer Institute	October 17, 2018	Phase 1
NCT05832320	Recruiting	Drug: Daunorubicin Drug: Etoposide	Induction Therapy Oral	Peking University People's Hospital	January 1, 2023	Not Applicable

Biological Data

Treatment with daunorubicin increases autophagy in K562 cells. Int J Mol Sci . 2021 May 13;22(10):5153.
miR-15a-5p inhibits autophagy induced by daunorubicin. Int J Mol Sci . 2021 May 13;22(10):5153.
miR-15a-5p decreases the downregulation of cell growth by daunorubicin. Int J Mol Sci . 2021 May 13;22(10):5153.