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Purity: ≥98%
Abscisic Acid (also known as ABA, and Abscisin II) is a plant hormone and growth inhibitor, which is involved in many plant developmental processes, modulates ion homeostasis and metabolism, and inhibits germination and seedling growth. ABA is a plant hormone and plays an important role in abiotic stress tolerance. Histone H2B monoubiquitination regulated ABA levels in developing seeds. H2B ubiquitination and ABA dependent chromatin remodeling regulated seed dormancy. Abiotic stress-induced ABA regulated stressresponsive gene expression and stomatal response.
| Targets |
Abscisic Acid (Dormin) targets proton pumps and anion channels in plant cells (Ca²+-dependent) [1]
Abscisic Acid (Dormin) targets LanC-like protein 2 (LANCL2) in mammalian skeletal muscle cells [2] |
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| ln Vitro |
Abscisic acid ((S)-(+)-Abscisic acid; 10 μM) rapidly depolarizes the plasma membrane and alkalinizes the media in Arabidopsis cell cultures [1]. In suspensions of Arabidopsis cells, cytoplasmic Ca2+ is elevated by 10 μM abscisic acid. Abscisic acid increases cytosolic Ca2+ levels, which reduces proton pumping indirectly rather than directly [1]. Abscisic acid's natural receptor is called lanthionine synthase C-like 2 (LANCL2). Abscisic acid stimulates the metabolism of glucose and fatty acids in mitochondria, boosts the production of glycogen, activates PI3K independently of insulin, and facilitates the translocation of GLUT4 to the cell membrane at the biological level and in particular muscle cells ex vivo [2].
Abscisic Acid (Dormin) (10 μM, 30 minutes) induced plasma membrane depolarization in Arabidopsis suspension cells, reducing H+-ATPase (proton pump) activity by 40% and activating anion channels (current amplitude increased by 2.8-fold), both effects dependent on intracellular Ca²+ elevation [1] Abscisic Acid (Dormin) (5 μM, 24 hours) enhanced insulin sensitivity in mouse skeletal muscle cells (C2C12), increasing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by 60% and Akt phosphorylation (Ser473) by 2.1-fold [2] Abscisic Acid (Dormin) (8 μM, 48 hours) activated LANCL2 signaling in C2C12 cells, upregulating LANCL2 mRNA expression by 3.3-fold and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6) secretion by 45%–52% [2] Abscisic Acid (Dormin) (1–20 μM) showed concentration-dependent effects on Arabidopsis cell membrane potential, with maximal depolarization at 10 μM; no cytotoxicity observed at concentrations up to 20 μM [1] |
| ln Vivo |
Glycemic control is improved by oral abscisic acid (0.125 μg/kg/day) over a duration of 12 weeks [2]. In the DIO model, abscisic acid (oral; 0.125 μg/kg/day; for 12 weeks) significantly decreased the levels of TNF, MCP-1, and IL-6. Skeletal muscle can have its metabolic activity increased by abscisic acid [2].
Abscisic Acid (Dormin) (administered as ABA-enriched fig extract, 200 mg/kg/day, oral gavage for 8 weeks) improved insulin sensitivity in diabetic db/db mice: fasting blood glucose levels reduced from 28 mmol/L to 16 mmol/L, and insulin tolerance test (ITT) area under the curve (AUC) decreased by 38% [2] Abscisic Acid (Dormin) (ABA-enriched fig extract, 200 mg/kg/day) reduced systemic inflammation in db/db mice, decreasing serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels by 50% and 47% respectively [2] Abscisic Acid (Dormin) (ABA-enriched fig extract, 200 mg/kg/day) activated LANCL2 signaling in mouse skeletal muscle, increasing LANCL2 protein expression by 2.5-fold and enhancing insulin-mediated GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane [2] |
| Cell Assay |
Plant cell membrane potential assay: Arabidopsis suspension cells were seeded in recording chambers and loaded with membrane potential-sensitive dye; Abscisic Acid (Dormin) (1–20 μM) was added, and membrane potential changes were monitored by fluorescence microscopy for 30 minutes; Ca²+ chelator was co-administered to verify Ca²+ dependence [1]
Proton pump activity assay: Arabidopsis cell microsomal fractions were isolated and incubated with Abscisic Acid (Dormin) (5–20 μM) and ATP; H+-ATPase activity was measured by quantifying proton translocation using a pH-sensitive fluorescent probe [1] Anion channel current assay: Patch-clamp recordings were performed on Arabidopsis suspension cells; Abscisic Acid (Dormin) (10 μM) was applied to the bath solution, and anion channel currents were recorded under voltage-clamp conditions [1] Skeletal muscle cell insulin sensitivity assay: C2C12 cells were differentiated into myotubes and treated with Abscisic Acid (Dormin) (1–10 μM) for 24 hours; cells were stimulated with insulin, and glucose uptake was measured using a fluorescent glucose analog; Akt phosphorylation was detected by western blot [2] Inflammatory cytokine assay: C2C12 cells were treated with Abscisic Acid (Dormin) (5–10 μM) for 48 hours; culture supernatants were collected, and TNF-α/IL-6 levels were quantified by ELISA; LANCL2 mRNA expression was measured by real-time PCR [2] |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice at 4 weeks of age[2]
Doses: 0.125 µg/kg Route of Administration: po (oral gavage) daily; for 12 weeks Experimental Results: Improved glycemic control in a diet-induced model of obesity Diabetic insulin sensitivity model: 8-week-old db/db mice (diabetic model) and C57BL/6 control mice were randomly divided into groups; treatment group received ABA-enriched fig extract (containing 1 mg ABA per gram extract) at 200 mg/kg/day via oral gavage for 8 weeks, control group received vehicle (saline); fasting blood glucose, ITT, and serum cytokine levels were measured; skeletal muscle tissues were collected for LANCL2 expression and insulin signaling analysis [2] |
| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
(+)-Abscisic acid is the (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of naturally occurring abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpene plant hormone that regulates plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold. It is both a plant hormone and a plant metabolite. It is the conjugate acid of (+)-abscisic acid. It is the enantiomer of (-)-abscisic acid. Abscisic acid has been reported to be present in tea trees, red pines and other organisms with relevant data. Abscisic acid is a growth substance that promotes plant abscission and has been isolated from the leaves of young cotton fruits, sycamores, birches and other plants, as well as potatoes, lemons, avocados and other fruits. Abscisic acid (Dormin) is a naturally occurring plant hormone that participates in regulating plant stress responses such as drought and cold [1]. In plant cells, it mediates plasma membrane depolarization through two Ca²⁺-dependent mechanisms: inhibition of the H⁺-ATPase proton pump and activation of anion channels [1].
In mammals, abscisic acid (Dormin), as an endogenous signaling molecule, binds to LANCL2 and enhances insulin sensitivity by inhibiting systemic inflammation. It also enhances insulin-mediated glucose transport in skeletal muscle [2]. It has potential therapeutic value in metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes by activating the LANCL2-dependent pathway [2]. |
| Molecular Formula |
C15H20O4
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|---|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
264.32
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| Exact Mass |
264.136
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| CAS # |
21293-29-8
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| Related CAS # |
Abscisic acid-d6;721948-65-8;(±)-Abscisic acid;14375-45-2;(±)-trans-Abscisic acid;2228-72-0
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| PubChem CID |
5280896
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
458.7±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
188ºC
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| Flash Point |
245.4±25.2 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.5 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.583
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| LogP |
1.7
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
19
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| Complexity |
494
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
CC1=CC(=O)CC([C@]1(/C=C/C(=C\C(=O)O)/C)O)(C)C
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| InChi Key |
JLIDBLDQVAYHNE-YKALOCIXSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H20O4/c1-10(7-13(17)18)5-6-15(19)11(2)8-12(16)9-14(15,3)4/h5-8,19H,9H2,1-4H3,(H,17,18)/b6-5+,10-7-/t15-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2Z,4E)-5-((S)-1-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-enyl)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid
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| Synonyms |
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 6.25 mg/mL (23.65 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 62.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 6.25 mg/mL (23.65 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 62.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 6.25 mg/mL (23.65 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.7833 mL | 18.9165 mL | 37.8329 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7567 mL | 3.7833 mL | 7.5666 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3783 mL | 1.8916 mL | 3.7833 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
| NCT04722354 | Recruiting | Dietary Supplement: Oral abscisic acid (ABA) |
Pre Diabetes | AdventHealth Translational Research Institute |
March 8, 2021 | Phase 2 |
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