| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
- Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, from Gram-negative bacteria) – binds to LPS to inhibit its pro-inflammatory activity; no IC50/Ki values specified [1]
- Plasminogen activator system (including tissue-type plasminogen activator, tPA; and plasminogen) – enhances plasminogen activation to promote fibrinolysis; no EC50 values specified [2] |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Surfactin C1 (0.3–10 μg/mL; 24 h) prevents leukemia cells and monocytes from adhering to HUVEC and LPS[1]. Expression of adhesion molecules generated by LPS is inhibited by surfactin C1 (3 μg/mL; 1 h) [1]. The lipid A/LBP interaction is inhibited by surfactin C1 (3 μg/mL; 1 h) [1].
- Surfactin C inhibits the biological activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. It reduces LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α; interleukin-6, IL-6) in mouse macrophage cell lines (e.g., RAW264.7) by 40–60% at a concentration of 10–50 μg/mL. Surfactin C achieves this effect by directly binding to the lipid A region of LPS (the bioactive component of LPS), which prevents LPS from interacting with its cellular receptor (TLR4/MD2 complex) and blocks downstream pro-inflammatory signaling pathways [1] - Surfactin C enhances plasminogen activation and fibrinolysis in vitro. At a concentration of 5–20 μg/mL, it increases the rate of tPA-mediated plasminogen activation by 2–3 folds, as measured by chromogenic substrate assays (detection of plasmin activity via cleavage of a plasmin-specific chromogenic peptide). Surfactin C also accelerates the dissolution of fibrin clots in a fibrin plate assay: fibrin clots treated with Surfactin C (10 μg/mL) + tPA show a 50% reduction in clot area compared to clots treated with tPA alone after 2 hours of incubation. This enhancement is mediated by Surfactin C-induced conformational changes in plasminogen, which increases its affinity for tPA [2] |
| ln Vivo |
- Surfactin C promotes fibrinolysis in vivo in a rat model of venous thrombosis. Rats were administered Surfactin C (0.5–2 mg/kg) via intravenous injection 30 minutes after thrombus induction (via ligation of the inferior vena cava). After 4 hours, the thrombus weight in Surfactin C-treated rats was reduced by 30–50% compared to the control group (saline injection). Additionally, Surfactin C (1 mg/kg, intravenous) increased plasma plasmin activity by 2.5 folds within 1 hour of administration, as measured by plasma chromogenic assays, confirming its ability to activate the plasminogen system in vivo [2]
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| Enzyme Assay |
- LPS binding assay: Surfactin C (serial concentrations: 0, 10, 25, 50 μg/mL) was mixed with biotin-labeled LPS in a buffer system and incubated at 37°C for 1 hour. The mixture was then added to a streptavidin-coated microplate to capture biotin-LPS. Unbound Surfactin C was washed away, and the amount of bound LPS was detected using a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-LPS antibody. A decrease in absorbance (at 450 nm) in Surfactin C-treated groups indicated direct binding between Surfactin C and LPS [1]
- Plasminogen activation assay: Plasminogen (final concentration 1 μM) and tPA (final concentration 10 nM) were mixed with Surfactin C (serial concentrations: 0, 5, 10, 20 μg/mL) in a buffer containing a plasmin-specific chromogenic substrate (e.g., S-2251). The mixture was incubated at 37°C, and the absorbance at 405 nm was measured every 15 minutes for 2 hours. The rate of absorbance increase (reflecting plasmin activity) was calculated to evaluate the effect of Surfactin C on plasminogen activation [2] - Fibrin plate assay: A fibrin gel was formed by mixing fibrinogen (1 mg/mL) and thrombin (1 U/mL) in a Petri dish. Wells were punched in the gel, and Surfactin C (10 μg/mL) + tPA or tPA alone (control) was added to the wells. The dish was incubated at 37°C for 2 hours, and the diameter of the lytic zone (clear area) around each well was measured to quantify fibrinolytic activity [2] |
| Cell Assay |
Western Blot Analysis[1]
Cell Types: HUVEC Tested Concentrations: 0.3 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL, 3 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL Incubation Duration: 2 hr and another 4 hr with 1 μg/mL LPS Experimental Results: diminished the protein level of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Completely inhibited the expression at 3μg/mL with no effect on E-selectin. Cell Viability Assay[1] Cell Types: HL-60, THP-1, Jurkat cells Tested Concentrations: 0.3 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL, 3 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, and 100 μg/mL Incubation Duration: 24 hr accompanied with LPS for viability; 2 hr and another 4 hr with LPS for adhesion assay Experimental Results: Didn't inhibit cell viability. Inhibited cell adhesion to HUVEC with IC50s of 1.10 μg/mL, 1.45 μg/mL, and 1.43 μg/mL assay, respectively. - Mouse macrophage (RAW264.7) cytokine production assay: RAW264.7 cells were seeded in 24-well plates and cultured to 80% confluence. The cells were pre-treated with Surfactin C (10–50 μg/mL) for 1 hour, then stimulated with LPS (100 ng/mL) for 24 hours. The culture supernatant was collected, and the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to assess the inhibitory effect of Surfactin C on LPS-induced inflammation [1] |
| Animal Protocol |
- Rat venous thrombosis model: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250–300 g) were anesthetized, and the inferior vena cava was ligated to induce thrombus formation. Thirty minutes after ligation, rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6 per group): control group (saline, intravenous), Surfactin C low-dose group (0.5 mg/kg, intravenous), Surfactin C medium-dose group (1 mg/kg, intravenous), Surfactin C high-dose group (2 mg/kg, intravenous). Surfactin C was dissolved in sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) before administration. Four hours after drug administration, rats were euthanized, and the thrombus in the inferior vena cava was isolated and weighed. Blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture to measure plasma plasmin activity using a chromogenic assay [2]
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
In vitro RAW264.7 cytotoxicity assay: Surfactant C (at concentrations up to 100 μg/mL) showed no significant cytotoxicity, with cell viability >90% (MTT assay) compared to the untreated control group [1]
- In a rat thrombosis model, surfactant C (at doses up to 2 mg/kg, intravenously) did not cause significant toxicity: no abnormal behavior, bleeding complications (e.g., petechiae or hematuria) or changes in liver and kidney function indicators (alanine aminotransferase, ALT; blood urea nitrogen, BUN) were observed in the treated rats compared to the control group [2] |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Surfactant C is a cyclic condensate peptide with the chemical formula N-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-13-methyltetradecanoyl]-L-α-glutamyl-L-leucyl-D-leucyl-L-valine-L-α-aspartyl-D-leucyl-L-leucine, wherein the C-terminal carboxyl group condenses with the alcohol hydroxyl group to form a lactone. It possesses various activities including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, surfactant, metabolite, antitumor, and platelet aggregation inhibitor activities. It is a cyclic condensate peptide, lipopeptide antibiotic, and macrolide. Surfactant C has been reported to exist in Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mojavenius, and Bacillus thuringiensis, and relevant data are available. See also: Surfactant peptide (note moved to). Surfactant C is a cyclic lipopeptide biosurfactant, a subtype of surfactant, mainly produced by Bacillus subtilis strains. Its structure consists of a 7-amino acid cyclic peptide and a C13-C15 fatty acid chain, which gives it amphiphilicity (essential for binding to LPS and plasminogen) [1, 2]
- The LPS-inhibiting activity of surfactant C suggests its potential application in the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections or sepsis, as LPS-mediated inflammation plays a key role in these diseases [1] - The fibrinolytic-enhancing effect of surfactant C makes it a potential candidate for the development of thrombolytic drugs, especially for improving the efficacy of existing plasminogen activators (e.g., tPA) in the treatment of venous or arterial thrombosis [2] |
| Molecular Formula |
C53H93N7O13
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1036.34
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| Exact Mass |
1035.68
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| CAS # |
24730-31-2
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| Related CAS # |
302933-83-1 (Sodium Surfactin); 252023-70-4
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| PubChem CID |
443592
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.037±0.06 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
1268.3±65.0℃
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| LogP |
7.343
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
9
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
13
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
24
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| Heavy Atom Count |
73
|
| Complexity |
1800
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
8
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| SMILES |
CC(C)CCCCCCCCC[C@@H]1CC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O1)CC(C)C)CC(C)C)CC(=O)O)C(C)C)CC(C)C)CC(C)C)CCC(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
NJGWOFRZMQRKHT-WGVNQGGSSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C53H93N7O13/c1-30(2)20-18-16-14-13-15-17-19-21-36-28-43(61)54-37(22-23-44(62)63)47(66)55-38(24-31(3)4)48(67)57-40(26-33(7)8)51(70)60-46(35(11)12)52(71)58-41(29-45(64)65)50(69)56-39(25-32(5)6)49(68)59-42(27-34(9)10)53(72)73-36/h30-42,46H,13-29H2,1-12H3,(H,54,61)(H,55,66)(H,56,69)(H,57,67)(H,58,71)(H,59,68)(H,60,70)(H,62,63)(H,64,65)/t36-,37+,38+,39-,40-,41+,42+,46+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
3-[(3S,6R,9S,12S,15R,18S,21S,25R)-9-(carboxymethyl)-3,6,15,18-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)-25-(10-methylundecyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23-octaoxo-12-propan-2-yl-1-oxa-4,7,10,13,16,19,22-heptazacyclopentacos-21-yl]propanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (96.49 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.41 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.41 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.41 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.9649 mL | 4.8247 mL | 9.6493 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1930 mL | 0.9649 mL | 1.9299 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0965 mL | 0.4825 mL | 0.9649 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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