| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Lipopeptide; HSV-1; HSV-2
- Bacterial cell membrane (of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli, APEC) – disrupts membrane integrity to enhance the antibacterial activity of NSC277174 [1] - Enveloped virus membrane (e.g., herpes simplex virus type 1, HSV-1; vesicular stomatitis virus, VSV) – disrupts viral envelope structure to inactivate viruses [3] |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, surfactin can boost NSC277174's effectiveness against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) using antimicrobial assays including fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The minimum inhibitory concentrations of NSC277174 and surfactin for the APEC O78 strain are 1000 ug/ml and >1 mg/ml, respectively[1].
- When combined with NSC277174, surfactin significantly sensitizes avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) to NSC277174 in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of NSC277174 against APEC is reduced by 4–8 folds in the presence of surfactin (at a concentration of 12.5 μg/mL). This sensitization effect is associated with surfactin-mediated disruption of the APEC cell membrane, as evidenced by increased membrane permeability (detected via fluorescent dye leakage assay) and reduced bacterial membrane potential (measured by flow cytometry) [1] - Surfactin exhibits broad application potential in vitro, including as an emulsifier in bioremediation (enhancing the solubility and degradation of hydrophobic pollutants), a foaming agent in food processing, and a辅助 agent in pharmaceutical formulations (improving drug solubility and bioavailability). It also shows preliminary antibacterial activity against some Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus) in vitro, though with lower potency compared to its membrane-disrupting synergistic effects [2] - Surfactin inactivates enveloped viruses in vitro, including herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), and influenza A virus. At a concentration of 50–100 μg/mL, surfactin reduces viral titer by >99% within 1 hour of incubation. The mechanism involves direct interaction with the viral envelope: surfactin disrupts the lipid bilayer of the envelope, leading to leakage of viral internal components (e.g., nucleic acids, proteins) and loss of viral infectivity. No inactivation effect on non-enveloped viruses (e.g., poliovirus) is observed [3] |
| ln Vivo |
Surfactin and NSC277174 work together to reduce the number of deaths and liver bacterial burdens in the chick infection model (E. coli inoculation) while also controlling the expression of inflammatory cytokines and other factors. When combined with NSC277174, surfactin can function as a new antibacterial adjuvant to prevent AEPC infection in chickens[1].
- In a chick model of APEC infection, the combination of surfactin (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) and NSC277174 (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) significantly reduces APEC load in chick liver and spleen (by 2–3 logs compared to NSC277174 alone) and improves chick survival rate (from 40% in the NSC277174 alone group to 75% in the combination group). surfactin alone (2 mg/kg) shows no significant antibacterial effect on APEC in vivo but enhances the therapeutic efficacy of NSC277174 by promoting its penetration into bacterial cells via membrane disruption [1] |
| Cell Assay |
- In a chick model of APEC infection, the combination of surfactin (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) and NSC277174 (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) significantly reduces APEC load in chick liver and spleen (by 2–3 logs compared to NSC277174 alone) and improves chick survival rate (from 40% in the NSC277174 alone group to 75% in the combination group). surfactin alone (2 mg/kg) shows no significant antibacterial effect on APEC in vivo but enhances the therapeutic efficacy of NSC277174 by promoting its penetration into bacterial cells via membrane disruption [1]
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| Animal Protocol |
- One-day-old chicks were randomly divided into four groups (n=20 per group): normal control (no infection), infection control (APEC infection + saline), NSC277174 alone (APEC infection + 5 mg/kg NSC277174, intraperitoneal injection), and surfactin + NSC277174 (APEC infection + 2 mg/kg surfactin + 5 mg/kg NSC277174, intraperitoneal injection). Chicks were infected with APEC (10^8 CFU/chick) via intraperitoneal injection 24 hours before drug administration. Drugs were dissolved in sterile saline and administered once daily for 3 consecutive days. Chick survival was recorded daily for 7 days. On day 7, liver and spleen tissues were collected, homogenized, and plated on LB agar to count APEC colonies (CFU/g tissue) [1]
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
In vitro cytotoxicity assays on Vero cells (mammalian cells) showed that surfactant was low in cytotoxicity: 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) > 200 μg/mL, which is 2–4 times higher than the concentration required for virus inactivation (50–100 μg/mL) [3]
- In chick models, intraperitoneal injection of surfactant (2 mg/kg) showed no significant toxicity: no chick mortality, weight loss, or histopathological changes (e.g., liver or kidney damage) were observed in the surfactant-treated group compared with the normal control group [1] - In vitro experiments showed that surfactant was low in toxicity to aquatic organisms (e.g., Daphnia magna) and plants (e.g., wheat seedlings), with a 48-hour LC50 > 100. For Daphnia magna, a concentration of μg/mL indicated its potential for environmental safety in bioremediation applications [2] |
| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Surfactant C is a cyclic condensate with the chemical formula N-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-13-methyltetradecanoyl]-L-α-glutamyl-L-leucyl-D-leucyl-L-valine-L-α-aspartyl-D-leucyl-L-leucine, wherein the C-terminal carboxyl group condenses with an alcohol hydroxyl group to form a lactone. It possesses various activities including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, surfactant, metabolite, antitumor, and platelet aggregation inhibitor activities. It is a cyclic condensate, lipopeptide antibiotic, and macrolide. Surfactant has been reported to exist in Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mojavenius, and Bacillus thuringiensis, and relevant data are available. See also: Surfactant peptide (note moved to). Surfactant is a lipopeptide biosurfactant mainly produced by Bacillus subtilis strains. It consists of a cyclic peptide ring (7 amino acids) and a fatty acid chain (13-15 carbon atoms), which gives it amphiphilicity (having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions) – key to its ability to disrupt cell membrane activity [2, 3]
- The synergistic effect of surfactant with NSC277174 provides a strategy for addressing antibiotic resistance in avian Escherichia coli (APEC, a major pathogen causing avian colibacillosis). By reducing the required dose of NSC277174, surfactant may minimize the risk of antibiotic residues in poultry products [1] - Surfactant has envelope-specific antiviral activity, making it a potential candidate for developing broad-spectrum antiviral drugs against enveloped viruses such as influenza and coronaviruses, especially in cases requiring surface disinfection or topical application (e.g., nasal sprays) [3] |
| Molecular Weight |
1025.04 (average)
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|---|---|
| CAS # |
252023-70-4
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| Related CAS # |
302933-83-1 (Sodium Surfactin); 24730-31-2; 252023-70-4
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| PubChem CID |
443592
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
8.8
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
9
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
13
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
24
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| Heavy Atom Count |
73
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| Complexity |
1800
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
8
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| SMILES |
O1C([C@H](CC(C)C)NC([C@@H](CC(C)C)NC([C@H](CC(=O)O)NC([C@H](C(C)C)NC([C@@H](CC(C)C)NC([C@H](CC(C)C)NC([C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(C[C@H]1CCCCCCCCCC(C)C)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O
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| InChi Key |
NJGWOFRZMQRKHT-WGVNQGGSSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C53H93N7O13/c1-30(2)20-18-16-14-13-15-17-19-21-36-28-43(61)54-37(22-23-44(62)63)47(66)55-38(24-31(3)4)48(67)57-40(26-33(7)8)51(70)60-46(35(11)12)52(71)58-41(29-45(64)65)50(69)56-39(25-32(5)6)49(68)59-42(27-34(9)10)53(72)73-36/h30-42,46H,13-29H2,1-12H3,(H,54,61)(H,55,66)(H,56,69)(H,57,67)(H,58,71)(H,59,68)(H,60,70)(H,62,63)(H,64,65)/t36-,37+,38+,39-,40-,41+,42+,46+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
3-[(3S,6R,9S,12S,15R,18S,21S,25R)-9-(carboxymethyl)-3,6,15,18-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)-25-(10-methylundecyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23-octaoxo-12-propan-2-yl-1-oxa-4,7,10,13,16,19,22-heptazacyclopentacos-21-yl]propanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : 50 mg/mL H2O : 31.25 mg/mL
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (Infinity mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (Infinity mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (Infinity mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 110 mg/mL (Infinity mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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