| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| ln Vitro |
Once thought to be the consequence of oxygen lack in contracting skeletal muscle, the glycolytic product lactate is formed and utilised continuously under fully aerobic conditions. 'Cell-cell' and 'intracellular lactate shuttle' concepts describe the roles of lactate in delivery of oxidative and gluconeogenic substrates as well as in cell signalling. Examples of cell-cell shuttles include lactate exchanges (i) between white-glycolytic and red-oxidative fibres within a working muscle bed; (ii) between working skeletal muscle and heart; and (iii) between tissues of net lactate release and gluconeogenesis. Lactate shuttles exist in diverse tissues including in the brain, where a shuttle between astrocytes and neurons is linked to glutamatergic signalling. Because lactate, the product of glycogenolysis and glycolysis, is disposed of by oxidative metabolism, lactate shuttling unites the two major processes of cellular energy transduction. Lactate disposal is mainly through oxidation, especially during exercise when oxidation accounts for 70-75% of removal and gluconeogenesis the remainder. Lactate flux occurs down proton and concentration gradients that are established by the mitochondrial lactate oxidation complex. Marathon running is a power activity requiring high glycolytic and oxidative fluxes; such activities require lactate shuttling. Knowledge of the lactate shuttle is yet to be imparted to the sport.[1]
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Calcium must be absorbed in its free, dissolved form (Ca2+) or bound to soluble organic molecules. Due to the acidic pH and abundant calcium-binding proteins in the duodenum and proximal jejunum, calcium absorption primarily occurs in these sites. The small intestine absorbs approximately 25% (range 10%–40%) of the calcium intake on average, via passive diffusion and active transport. Following oral administration of up to 3000 mg of lactate in human volunteers, 20%–30% of the lactate dose is excreted in the urine within 14 hours. Most (99%) of absorbed calcium is stored in bones and teeth to maintain their structural integrity. Pharmacokinetic data are currently unavailable. Metabolism/Metabolites During hepatic gluconeogenesis, lactate is converted to glucose. Lactic acid can be further metabolized in the lactate cycle. Rumen ingestion from dairy cows fed daily 2.5 liters of grain-alfalfa hay mixture (containing 545 g of sodium lactate and calcium lactate) was incubated with sodium lactate or polylactic acid (PLA). Acetic acid was the major end product, but the oxidation of lactic acid led to the synthesis of butyric acid from acetic acid. Biological half-life Pharmacokinetic data are not available. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Protein Binding
No pharmacokinetic data available. |
| References |
[1]. Brooks GA. Lactate: link between glycolytic and oxidative metabolism. Sports Med. 2007;37(4-5):341-3.
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| Additional Infomation |
Calcium lactate is a salt composed of two lactate anions and one calcium ion (Ca2+). It is produced by neutralizing lactic acid with calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide. Calcium lactate is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a direct food ingredient, is recognized as safe, and can be used as a thickener, flavoring agent, leavening agent, stabilizer, and preservative. Calcium lactate is also found as a source of calcium in daily dietary supplements. It exists in several hydrated forms, with pentahydrate calcium lactate being the most common. Pharmaceutical Indications: Suitable as a nutritional supplement. Mechanism of Action: In a aqueous environment such as the gastrointestinal tract, calcium lactate dissociates into calcium ions and lactate anions (the conjugate base of lactic acid). Lactic acid is a naturally occurring compound that is ubiquitous in the metabolic pathways of mammals, acting as a fuel or energy source. Lactic acid diffuses through muscles and is transported to the liver via the bloodstream to participate in gluconeogenesis.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C3H6O3.1/2CA
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
110.12
|
| Exact Mass |
218.01
|
| CAS # |
814-80-2
|
| Related CAS # |
Lactate;50-21-5;Lactate sodium;72-17-3;Lactate potassium;996-31-6
|
| PubChem CID |
13144
|
| Appearance |
White, crystalline powder
|
| Boiling Point |
227.6ºC at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
> 120
|
| Flash Point |
109.9ºC
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
13
|
| Complexity |
53.5
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
[Ca].O=C(C(C)O)O
|
| InChi Key |
MKJXYGKVIBWPFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/2C3H6O3.Ca/c2*1-2(4)3(5)6;/h2*2,4H,1H3,(H,5,6);/q;;+2/p-2
|
| Chemical Name |
calcium;2-hydroxypropanoate
|
| Synonyms |
calcium lactate; 814-80-2; Calcium dilactate; Calphosan; calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate; 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid calcium salt; 63690-56-2; Hemicalcium L-lactate;
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (908.10 mM)
H2O : ≥ 50 mg/mL (454.05 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (22.70 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (22.70 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (22.70 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 9.0810 mL | 45.4050 mL | 90.8100 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.8162 mL | 9.0810 mL | 18.1620 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.9081 mL | 4.5405 mL | 9.0810 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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