| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| ln Vitro |
Once thought to be the consequence of oxygen lack in contracting skeletal muscle, the glycolytic product lactate is formed and utilised continuously under fully aerobic conditions. 'Cell-cell' and 'intracellular lactate shuttle' concepts describe the roles of lactate in delivery of oxidative and gluconeogenic substrates as well as in cell signalling. Examples of cell-cell shuttles include lactate exchanges (i) between white-glycolytic and red-oxidative fibres within a working muscle bed; (ii) between working skeletal muscle and heart; and (iii) between tissues of net lactate release and gluconeogenesis. Lactate shuttles exist in diverse tissues including in the brain, where a shuttle between astrocytes and neurons is linked to glutamatergic signalling. Because lactate, the product of glycogenolysis and glycolysis, is disposed of by oxidative metabolism, lactate shuttling unites the two major processes of cellular energy transduction. Lactate disposal is mainly through oxidation, especially during exercise when oxidation accounts for 70-75% of removal and gluconeogenesis the remainder. Lactate flux occurs down proton and concentration gradients that are established by the mitochondrial lactate oxidation complex. Marathon running is a power activity requiring high glycolytic and oxidative fluxes; such activities require lactate shuttling. Knowledge of the lactate shuttle is yet to be imparted to the sport.[1]
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|---|---|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
In order to be absorbed, calcium must be in its freely soluble form (Ca2+) or bound to a soluble organic molecule. Calcium absorption mainly occurs at the duodenum and proximal jejunum due to more acidic pH and the abundance of the calcium binding proteins. The mean calcium absorption is about 25% of calcium intake (range is 10 – 40%) in the small intestine, and is mediated by both passive diffusion and active transport. Following oral administration to a human volunteer, 20 to 30% of a dose of lactic acid of up to 3000 mg was excreted via the urine during a period of 14 hours. The majority of calcium absorbed (99%) is stored in the skeleton and teeth for structural integrity. No pharmacokinetic data available. Metabolism / Metabolites In hepatic gluconeogenesis, lactic acid is converted to glucose. Lactic acid may be further catabolyzed in the lactic acid cycle. RUMINAL INGESTA FROM COWS FED 2.5 L GRAIN-ALFALFA HAY MIXT PROVIDING 545 G OF SODIUM LACTATE & CALCIUM LACTATE DAILY INCUBATED WITH SODIUM LACTATE OR 17 POLY LACTIC ACID. ACETATE WAS PRIMARY END PRODUCT BUT OXIDN OF LACTATE CAUSED SYNTH OF BUTYRATE FROM ACETATE. Biological Half-Life No pharmacokinetic data available. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Protein Binding
No pharmacokinetic data available. |
| References |
[1]. Brooks GA. Lactate: link between glycolytic and oxidative metabolism. Sports Med. 2007;37(4-5):341-3.
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| Additional Infomation |
Calcium lactate is a salt that consists of two lactate anions for each calcium cation (Ca2+). It is prepared commercially by the neutralization of lactic acid with calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide. Approved by the FDA as a direct food substance affirmed as generally recognized as safe, calcium lactate is used as a firming agent, flavoring agent, leavening agent, stabilizer, and thickener. Calcium lactate is also found in daily dietary supplements as a source of calcium. It is also available in various hydrate forms, where calcium lactate pentahydrate is the most common.
Drug Indication Indicated for use as the nutritional supplement. Mechanism of Action In aqueous environments such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, calcium lactate will dissociate into calcium cation and lactic acid anions, the conjugate base of lactic acid. Lactic acid is a naturally-occurring compound that serves as fuel or energy in mammals by acting as an ubiquitous intermediate in the metabolic pathways. Lactic acid diffuses through the muscles and is transported to the liver by the bloodstream to participate in gluconeogenesis. |
| Molecular Formula |
C3H6O3.1/2CA
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
110.12
|
| Exact Mass |
218.01
|
| CAS # |
814-80-2
|
| Related CAS # |
Lactate;50-21-5;Lactate sodium;72-17-3;Lactate potassium;996-31-6
|
| PubChem CID |
13144
|
| Appearance |
White, crystalline powder
|
| Boiling Point |
227.6ºC at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
> 120
|
| Flash Point |
109.9ºC
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
13
|
| Complexity |
53.5
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
[Ca].O=C(C(C)O)O
|
| InChi Key |
MKJXYGKVIBWPFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/2C3H6O3.Ca/c2*1-2(4)3(5)6;/h2*2,4H,1H3,(H,5,6);/q;;+2/p-2
|
| Chemical Name |
calcium;2-hydroxypropanoate
|
| Synonyms |
calcium lactate; 814-80-2; Calcium dilactate; Calphosan; calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate; 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid calcium salt; 63690-56-2; Hemicalcium L-lactate;
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (908.10 mM)
H2O : ≥ 50 mg/mL (454.05 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (22.70 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (22.70 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (22.70 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 9.0810 mL | 45.4050 mL | 90.8100 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.8162 mL | 9.0810 mL | 18.1620 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.9081 mL | 4.5405 mL | 9.0810 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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