| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Hexokinase (particularly hexokinase II), the first enzyme in glycolysis. 2-DG is phosphorylated by hexokinase to 2-DG-6-phosphate, which cannot be further metabolized, leading to intracellular accumulation and inhibition of glycolysis.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
2-Deoxy-D-glucose inhibits hexokinase with a Ki of approximately 0.3 mM compared to glucose. At 10 mM, it reduces glycolytic flux by 50-80% in cancer cells, leading to ATP depletion and induction of ER stress and autophagy. |
| ln Vivo |
2-DG (0.5-2 g/kg) has been studied in murine tumor models, where it reduces tumor glucose uptake (as measured by 18F-FDG PET) and inhibits tumor growth by 30-60% when combined with conventional chemotherapy or radiation.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The 13C-labeled analog is used as a tracer. Purified hexokinase (0.1 U) is incubated with 2-Deoxy-D-glucose-13C (0.1-10 mM), ATP (2 mM), and MgCl2 (5 mM) in Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4) at 37degC for 30 min. The product is analyzed by LC-MS/MS.
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| Cell Assay |
2-Deoxy-D-glucose-13C (1-20 mM) is added to cancer cell lines (e.g., HeLa, MCF-7) cultured in glucose-free medium for 1-4 hours. Cells are lysed, and labeled metabolites (2-DG-6-phosphate) are quantified by LC-MS/MS to measure hexokinase activity.
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| Animal Protocol |
2-Deoxy-D-glucose-13C (250-500 mg/kg) is administered to mice by intraperitoneal injection or oral gavage. Blood and tissues (tumor, liver, muscle) are collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 hours post-dose for LC-MS/MS quantification.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
2-DG has a plasma half-life of 0.5-1 hour in rodents and humans, with a volume of distribution of ~0.5 L/kg. It is rapidly taken up by tissues and excreted unchanged in urine (60-80% within 6 hours).
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
2-DG has a high therapeutic index with an LD50 > 5 g/kg in rodents. At therapeutic doses (50-200 mg/kg), mild hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal distress may occur. At very high doses (>2 g/kg), it can cause lactic acidosis.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
2-Deoxy-D-glucose is a research tool and has been studied in clinical trials for cancer therapy (e.g., Phase I trials for prostate cancer). The 13C-labeled version is used as an internal standard for LC-MS/MS quantification in metabolic research.
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| Molecular Formula |
C6H12O5
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
164.15648
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| Exact Mass |
165.072
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| CAS # |
201612-55-7
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| Related CAS # |
2-Deoxy-D-glucose;154-17-6
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| PubChem CID |
71309709
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
-1.6
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
11
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| Complexity |
128
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
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| SMILES |
C1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[13CH]1O)CO)O)O
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| InChi Key |
PMMURAAUARKVCB-UPKQYVFDSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H12O5/c7-2-4-6(10)3(8)1-5(9)11-4/h3-10H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5?,6+/m1/s1/i5+1
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| Chemical Name |
(4R,5S,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)(213C)oxane-2,4,5-triol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~605.51 mM)
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~605.51 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.14 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.14 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.14 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.0916 mL | 30.4581 mL | 60.9162 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2183 mL | 6.0916 mL | 12.1832 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6092 mL | 3.0458 mL | 6.0916 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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