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| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
Vidarabine phosphate targets viral DNA polymerase after being converted to its triphosphate form, vidarabine triphosphate. The compound is an adenosine monophosphate analog. It is first phosphorylated by viral thymidine kinase to a monophosphate, and then further phosphorylated by host enzymes to the active triphosphate. This active metabolite directly inhibits DNA polymerase and acts as a chain terminator in DNA replication, thereby preventing the synthesis of viral DNA.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Vidarabine phosphate is active against herpes simplex and varicella zoster viruses. Its mechanism involves the inhibition of viral DNA polymerase and chain termination during DNA replication. Studies have shown that Vidarabine and Acyclovir have a synergistic effect against wild-type viruses. The compound exhibits antiviral and possibly antineoplastic properties. As a nucleoside analog, it competes with natural nucleotides for incorporation into growing DNA strands, leading to chain termination.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Vidarabine phosphate is used to treat systemic infections such as herpes simplex encephalitis and ophthalmic infections like keratitis. It is typically administered via intravenous or ophthalmic routes. By blocking the virus's ability to replicate, it helps reduce symptoms and the severity of infections. Clinical use has demonstrated its efficacy against DNA viruses. The compound's activity in vivo is dependent on its phosphorylation to the active triphosphate form.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro enzyme assay for Vidarabine phosphate involves measuring the inhibition of viral DNA polymerase activity. The compound is first converted to its triphosphate form using cellular extracts or purified kinases. The reaction mixture contains the viral DNA polymerase, a DNA template, radiolabeled nucleotides, and varying concentrations of Vidarabine triphosphate. The incorporation of radiolabeled nucleotides into the DNA product is measured, and the IC50 is determined from dose-response curves. Chain termination can be assessed by analyzing the length of the synthesized DNA products.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for Vidarabine phosphate use cell lines infected with herpes simplex virus or varicella zoster virus. Cells are cultured in appropriate media and treated with the compound at various concentrations. Antiviral activity is assessed by plaque reduction assays, virus yield reduction, or by measuring the expression of viral proteins. Cytotoxicity is evaluated using MTT or neutral red uptake assays to determine the therapeutic index. The compound's activity is confirmed by its ability to reduce viral replication in a dose-dependent manner.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Vidarabine phosphate involve animal models of herpes simplex virus infection, such as mouse models of encephalitis or keratitis. Animals are treated with the compound via intravenous or topical administration at various doses. Efficacy is assessed by measuring survival rates, viral titers in target tissues (e.g., brain, eye), and clinical scores of disease severity. Histopathological analysis of infected tissues is performed to evaluate the extent of tissue damage and the compound's protective effects.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Vidarabine phosphate indicate that it is a prodrug that is rapidly dephosphorylated to Vidarabine in the bloodstream. Vidarabine is then distributed throughout the body, including the central nervous system. It is metabolized to its active triphosphate form intracellularly. The compound has a short plasma half-life and is primarily excreted by the kidneys. For ophthalmic use, it is applied topically as an ointment, where it achieves therapeutic concentrations in the cornea.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Vidarabine phosphate is generally well-tolerated, but it can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Ophthalmic use may cause local irritation. At high doses, it can cause central nervous system toxicity, including tremors and confusion. It is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to the drug. The compound is for research and clinical use under medical supervision. Resistance can develop through mutations in the viral polymerase that reduce nucleotide analog incorporation.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Vidarabine phosphate (VAP) is the phosphate form of vidarabine, a nucleoside analog active against herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus. Vidarabine is converted to monophosphate by viral thymidine kinase, and further modified to triphosphate by host enzymes. Vidarabine triphosphate directly inhibits DNA polymerase and acts as a DNA replication chain terminator. It is an adenosine monophosphate analog in which ribose is replaced by arabinose. It is a monophosphate ester of vidarabine and possesses antiviral and potential antitumor properties.
Vidarabine phosphate (ara-AMP) is a nucleoside analog with the CAS number 29984-33-6. It is a monophosphate ester of Vidarabine. The compound is an approved antiviral drug used to treat herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus infections. Its mechanism involves inhibition of viral DNA polymerase and chain termination. It is available for research purposes and is not for human therapeutic use outside of approved indications. The compound is a valuable tool for studying viral DNA replication and nucleoside analog pharmacology. |
| Molecular Formula |
C10H14N5O7P
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
347.22126
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| Exact Mass |
347.063
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 34.59; H, 4.06; N, 20.17; O, 32.25; P, 8.92
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| CAS # |
29984-33-6
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| Related CAS # |
Vidarabine;5536-17-4
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| PubChem CID |
34768
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
2.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
798.5±70.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
213ºC
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| Flash Point |
436.7±35.7 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.0 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.905
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| LogP |
-0.22
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
11
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
23
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| Complexity |
481
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](N2C=NC3=C(N)N=CN=C32)O1)O)O)OP(=O)(O)O
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| InChi Key |
UDMBCSSLTHHNCD-UHTZMRCNSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H14N5O7P/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(22-10)1-21-23(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7+,10-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
9H-Purin-6-amine, 9-(5-O-phosphono-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-
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| Synonyms |
Vidarabine phosphate;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : 16.67 ~53 mg/mL ( 48.01~198.32 mM )
Water : 3~4.9 mg/mL |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (4.81 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 16.7 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (4.81 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 16.7 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (4.81 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 10% DMSO+40% PEG300+5% Tween-80+45% Saline: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (4.81 mM) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.8800 mL | 14.4001 mL | 28.8002 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5760 mL | 2.8800 mL | 5.7600 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2880 mL | 1.4400 mL | 2.8800 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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