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Purity: ≥98%
Valproate (VPA, NSC-93819, valproic acid, sodium valproate, and divalproex sodium) is an approved medication mainly used for the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder, also used to prevent migraine headaches. It is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with an IC50 between 0.5 and 2 mM.
| Targets |
HDAC1 ( IC50 = 400 μM ); HDAC1 ( IC50 = 0.5-2 mM ); HDAC2; Autophagy; Mitophagy
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| ln Vivo |
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| Enzyme Assay |
The colorimetric assay kits for caspase-3, -8, and -9, respectively, are used to measure the activity of these enzymes. To put it briefly, 10 mM Valproic acid is incubated for 24 hours with 1×106 cells in a 60-mm culture dish. Following a PBS wash, the cells are suspended in five volumes of the kit's lysis buffer. Bradford method is used to determine protein concentrations. The activities of caspase-3, -8, and -9 are measured in supernatants containing 50 μg total protein. In 96-well microtiter plates containing caspase-3, -8, or -9 substrates (DEVD-pNA, IETD-pNA, or LEHD-pNA), the supernatants are added to each well. The plates are then incubated for one hour at 37°C. Using a microplate reader, the optical density of each well is determined at 405 nm. Arbitrary absorbance units are used to express the activity of caspase-3, -8, and -9.
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| Cell Assay |
For MTT assays, 5×105 cells are seeded in 96-well microtiter plates. Each well of the 96-well plates is filled with 20 mL of MTT solution (2 mg/mL in phosphate-buffered saline; PBS), which has been exposed to the prescribed doses of valproic acid for the indicated times. In addition, the plates are incubated at 37°C for three hours. To dissolve the formazan crystals, 200 mL of DMSO is added to each well after the medium has been pipetted out of the plates. Through the use of a microplate reader, the optical density is measured at 570 nm.
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| References |
| Molecular Formula |
C8H15NAO2
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| Molecular Weight |
166.19
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| Exact Mass |
166.1
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 57.82; H, 9.10; Na, 13.83; O, 19.25
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| CAS # |
1069-66-5
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| Related CAS # |
99-66-1 (free acid); 1069-66-5 (sodium); 33433-82-8 (calcium)
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| Appearance |
White to off-white crystalline powder
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| SMILES |
CCCC(CCC)C(=O)[O-].[Na+]
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| InChi Key |
AEQFSUDEHCCHBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H16O2.Na/c1-3-5-7(6-4-2)8(9)10;/h7H,3-6H2,1-2H3,(H,9,10);/q;+1/p-1
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| Chemical Name |
sodium;2-propylpentanoate
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| Synonyms |
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
5% DMSO 1 95% Corn oil: 1.65mg/ml (9.93mM) (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)
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| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.0172 mL | 30.0860 mL | 60.1721 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2034 mL | 6.0172 mL | 12.0344 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6017 mL | 3.0086 mL | 6.0172 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
| NCT00431522 | Completed | Drug: Valproic acid, sodium salt |
Bipolar Disorder | Sanofi | December 2004 | Phase 4 |
| NCT05017454 | Completed | Drug: the optimized sodium valproate-loaded nanospanlastic dispersion Drug: mometasone furoate lotion |
Alopecia Areata | Kasr El Aini Hospital | May 1, 2021 | Early Phase 1 |
| NCT04531592 | Withdrawn | Drug: Valproic acid Drug: Isotonic saline solution |
Acute Kidney Injury Ischemia Reperfusion Injury |
Westat | January 2022 | Phase 2 |
| NCT04531579 | Withdrawn | Drug: Isotonic saline solution | Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Acute Kidney Injury |
Westat | January 2022 | Phase 2 |
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